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Opium Wars

Society > History > By Time Period > Nineteenth Century > Wars and Conflicts > Opium Wars

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Ch'ing China - The Opium Wars - http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHING/OPIUM.HTM
Also called the Anglo-Chinese War, the most humiliating defeat China ever suffered.

Emergence Of Modern China - http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/modern.html
The increase contact with western powers led to war and enforced change.

Emperor of China Declares War on Drugs - http://www.oldnewspublishing.com/opium.htm
An article by Paul Chrastina.

Letter of Advice to Queen Victoria - http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/ChinaDragon/lin_xexu.html
Full text written by Commissioner Lin Zexu in the lead up to the war.

The First Opium War - http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/oriental_history/19388
Article by Maria Christensen.

The Opium War - http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/ChinaDragon/opiumwar.html
Links and discussion forum on both the war and a 1997 movie based upon it, DigitalChina/Harvard project.

The Opium War and the Opening of China - http://historyliterature.homestead.com/files/extended.html
Extended essay on the effects of the war on the opening of China, on social, economical, political, and intellectual levels.

The Treaty of Nanking - http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob24.html
Peace Treaty between the Queen of Great Britain and the Emperor of China.

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