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Business > Textiles and Nonwovens > Textiles > Resources > Articles and Studies > Smart Textiles

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"Smart'' Clothing - http://www.wearcam.org/smart_clothing/
Paper presenting a framework for interacting with external processes through the development of a utility for person-worn computing as an alternative to desktop and portable computers. Author: Steve Mann.

A Design Research Program for Textiles and Computational Technology - http://www.math.chalmers.se/~lars/design_program.pdf
Technical paper presenting a proposal for a new research program aimed at deepening our understanding of computational technology and textiles as design materials, and of the interplay between spatial and temporal form elements in design. Authors: L. Hallnas, L. Melin and J. Redstrom.

A New Route Through Wearable Interfaces for Healthcare - http://www.biotex-eu.com/pdf/phealth07_wearableinterfaces.pdf
Overview of ongoing European projects aimed at the development of textile based wearable interfaces for healthcare applications with integrated fabric sensors for physiological signals. Authors: Giannicola Loriga and others.

A Sensate Liner for Personnel Monitoring Applications - http://www.computer.org/proceedings/8192/pdf/81920098.pdf
Technical paper about a research program aimed at developing technologies for the creation of clothing able to monitor the medical condition of military combat personnel, by incorporating in woven or knitted fabrics electrically and optically conductive fibers. Authors: Dr.Eric Lind and others.

A Service Backplane for E-Textile Applications - http://www.ccm.ece.vt.edu/etextiles/publications/services.pdf
Technical paper, describing fault tolerance, physical configuration and processing element selection as the three services primarily affected by the e-textile design space, based on an analysis of different case studies. Authors: Mark Jones, Tom Martin and Zahi Nakad.

A Smart Suit for the Monitoring of Physiological Parameters - http://www.koalaresearch.net.au/PeursR.pdf
Includes technical paper, describing the development of textile based garments for the monitoring of electrocardiagrams and respiration rates of children, containing sensors and interfaces, data handling and storage, transmission electronics and wireless powering. Authors: R. Puers and others.

Ambient Intelligence Visions and Achievements: Linking Abstract Ideas to Real-World Concepts - http://www.es.ele.tue.nl/epicurus/publications/date03.pdf
Article reflecting the issues discused at the Special Session on Ambient Intelligence Visions and Achievements, bringing together the European Union's view on information technology, specifically novel computing substrates based on electronic textiles. Authors: Menno Lindwer and others.

An E-Textile System for Motion Analysis - http://www.ccm.ece.vt.edu/papers/edmison_2003_NGWSH03_etextile.pdf
Technical paper about electronic textiles as home health care devices which integrate into the wearer's everyday lifestyle, presenting an inexpensive design approach usable with elderly people. Authors: Josh Edmison and others.

Analysing the Use of E-Textiles to Improve Application Performance - http://www.ccm.ece.vt.edu/papers/jones_2003_VTC03_paper.pdf
Technical paper presenting a methodology based on simulation and physical experimentation for quantifying energy consumption and hardware cost savings of e-textiles. Authors: Mark Jones and others.

Architectures for E-Textiles - http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232003-113641/unrestricted/Dissertation.pdf
Doctor of Philosophy dissertation focusing on defining the architecture and networking scheme of electronic textiles, the creation of a simulation environment, and the implementation of hardware prototypes. Author: Zahi S. Nakad.

Body Sensor Network based on Soft Polymer Sensors and Wireless Communications - http://www.academypublisher.com/jcm/vol02/no05/jcm02050106.pdf
Technical paper presenting a comparison between established non-wearable systems and a novel prototype polymer fiber based wearable device for monitoring breathing frequency in healthcare applications. Authors: Sarah Brady and others.

Challenges and Opportunities in Electronic Textiles Modeling and Optimization - http://www.dac.com/39th/39acceptedpapers.nsf/0/312409a61e1994ce87256b7b00790e53/$FILE/11_3.PDF
Technical paper addressing the emerging field of research that combines the strengths and capabilities of electronic and textile technologies, and illustrates the challenges imposed by their modeling and optimization methodology. Authors: Diana Marculescu and others.

Clevertex. Part I - http://www.clevertex.net/Image/documents/State%20of%20the%20art.pdf
Report on the state of the art of smart textiles in 2005, including descriptions of the materials, applications and prototypes existing at the time. Part of a preparatory study for an European Commission funded development program aimed at the electronic textile industry.

Clevertex. Part II - http://www.clevertex.net/Image/documents/socio%20eco.pdf
Socio-economic study of the European clothing and textile industry, and an analysis of the social needs and trends which will influence the development of intelligent textiles. Part of a preparatory study for an European Commission funded development program aimed at the electronic textile industry.

Clevertex. Part III - http://www.clevertex.net/Image/documents/DELPHI%20REPORT%20Part%20I.pdf
First part of a Delphi feasibility study for the development of the smart textile industry, describing the methodology, organization and results of a first round survey. Part of a preparatory study for an European Commission funded development program aimed at the electronic textile industry.

Clevertex. Part IV - http://www.clevertex.net/Image/documents/DELPHI%20REPORT%20Part%20II.pdf
Second part of a Delphi feasibility study for the development of the smart textile industry, providing a statistical analysis of the results of the second survey and a review of key conclusions. Part of a preparatory study for an European Commission funded development program aimed at the electronic textile industry.

Clevertex. Part V - http://www.clevertex.net/Image/documents/Scenario.pdf
Scenario studies based on surveys aimed at analysing the European electronic textile industry, providing concrete examples of future potential applications of smart textiles. Part of a preparatory study for an European Commission funded development program aimed at the electronic textile industry.

Clothing that Changes Colour to Match Your Mood - http://www.expresstextile.com/20030911/itintextiles01.shtml
Short article about intelligent fibers, and interactive or smart textile technologies for biomedical and military applications, and their future use in fashion and clothing. From Express Textile.

Communications in Electronic Textile Systems - http://www.ccm.ece.vt.edu/papers/nakad_2003_CIC03_paper.pdf
Technical paper about the communication requirements between the computing and sensing elements of e-textiles, and a presentation of a new algorithm based on token grid systems. Authors: Z. Nakad and others.

Computational Clothing and Accessories - http://csis.pace.edu/~ctappert/dps/pdf/wearable-barfield.pdf
Technical paper about the development of clothing and clothing accessories which act as stand-alone computers, able to process, store, retrieve and send information. Authors: Woodrow Barfield and others.

Conductive, Sensorial and Luminescent Features in Textile Structures - http://spring.bologna.enea.it/ifawc/2006/proceedings/IFAWC2006_20.pdf
Review of the current state of techniques and actual developments in the field of conductive and computational textiles, and a discussion of their functional properties. Technical paper presented at the IFAW 2006. Authors: U. Meuhring.

Design of E-Textiles for Acoustic Applications - http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10292003-122518/unrestricted/thesis.pdf
Master of Science thesis focusing on the design of electronic textiles for acoustic signal processing applications, and presenting the design process and performance analysis of a large-scale beamforming fabric and a speech processing vest. Author: Ravi R. Shenoy.

E-Broidery: Design and Fabrication of Textile-Based Computing - http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/pdffiles/e-broidery--design-and-fabrication-of-textile-based-computing.pdf?PDFPTOKEN=b76d1660ba3e532e796a57339ede1b5bb2d40485|1218920499#PDFP
Technical paper describing the patterning of conductive textiles by numerically controlled sewing or weaving processes as a means of creating computationally active textiles. Authors: E.R. Post and others.

e-TAGs: E-Textile Attached Gadgets - http://crib.lehn.org:8080/~dlehn/projects/research/publications/CNDS-2004.pdf
Technical paper describing the design and implementation issues involved in the development of electronic textile components, as well as the system architecture, connection techniques, communication alternatives, and experiences from the construction of a prototype wearable e-textile with multiple e-TAGs. Authors: David I. Lehn and others.

Electrical Characterization of Textile Transmission Lines - http://www.ife.ee.ethz.ch/~cottet/publications/cottet2003.pdf
Technical paper presenting the electrical characterization and modeling of conductive textiles for wearable computing. Authors: Didier Cottet and others.

Electroactive Fabrics for Distributed, Conformable and Interactive Systems - http://www.media.mit.edu/resenv/classes/MAS965/readings/derossi1.pdf
Technical paper about the monitoring of body kinematics, and the analysis of human postures and gestures by using strain gage sensors woven into textile fabrics developed to create wearable clothing based systems. Authors: D. de Rossi and others.

Electronic Textiles for Autonomous Location Awareness - http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12142004-193827/unrestricted/mchandra_thesis.pdf
Master of Science thesis describing an autonomous, wearable electronic textile location awareness system able to determine a user's location within a building. Author: Madhup Chandra.

Electronic Textiles for Motion Analysis - http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05282004-163029/unrestricted/etd_final_C.pdf
Master of Science thesis presenting the design of a simulation environment for wearable electronic textile systems for medical purposes, and demonstrating the use of the simulation via a prototype pair of e-textile pants. Author: Joshua N. Edmison.

Electronic Textiles: A Platform for Pervasive Computing - http://ccm.ece.vt.edu/etextiles/publications/ProcIEEE_2003_etextiles.pdf
Includes technical article presenting an overview of current efforts and challenges in the development of electronic textiles, and a discussion about possible venues and opportunities for future research. Authors: Werner Weber and others.

Fiber Bragg Sensor Interrogator Based Macrobending - http://ptee2007.tnw.tudelft.nl/Papers/Correia_paper.pdf
Technical paper presenting a novel low-cost fiber based interrogator system for fiber optic Bragg sensors for strain measurement, tested in a textile platform designed for wearable devices. Authors: S.M.B. Correia and others.

Fiber Computing - http://www.cellmatrix.com/entryway/products/pub/Cakmakci2001.pdf
Technical paper describing a potential physical layer for wearable computing, defined by the fabrication of transistors onto fibers and their integration into textile fabrics. Authors: Ozan Cakmakci and others.

Functional Fabric with Embedded Nanotube Actuators and Sensors - http://www.ntcresearch.org/pdf-rpts/AnRp03/M03-CL07s-A3.pdf
Includes paper about a new seed-level project of the US National Textile Center, proposing the development of next-generation electronic textile fabrics utilizing single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. Project leader: Prof. Nader Jalili.

Georgia Tech Wearable Motherboard - http://www.gtwm.gatech.edu/gtwm.html
Description of the development, application and impact of a patented computing t-shirt for military uses, developed by the Georgia Tech University.

Human Powered Wearable Computing - http://web.media.mit.edu/~testarne/TR328/main-tr328.html
Technical paper exploring the possibility of harnessing the energy expended by humans during everyday action, to generate the required power for wearable computers. Author: Thad Starner.

Integrated Microelectronics for Smart Textiles - http://www.sti-innsbruck.at/fileadmin/documents/courses200607/ambient-intelligence/ami-report-19_Wachter_Integrated_Microelectronics_for_Smart_Textiles_-_PAPER.pdf
Introduction to wearable electronic textile technology and its potential applications, and descriptions of conductive fibers and interconnect technologies. Author: Friedrich Gustav Wachter.

Intelligent Textiles - http://www.tut.fi/units/ms/teva/projects/intelligenttextiles/
Includes summary of the different types of electro-conductive textile fabrics and products, and descriptions of their characteristics and applications. Links to related sites. From the Tampere University of Technology.

Intelligent Textiles, Soft Products - http://www.ivt.ntnu.no/ipd/docs/pd9_2003/Norstebo.pdf
Technical paper providing an overview of material alternatives and properties available to designers of electronic textiles, and the advantages of incorporating electronic and interactive textiles in human clothing. Authors: André Norstebo.

Interactive Electronic Textile Development - http://www.tx.ncsu.edu/jtatm/volume2issue2/articles/meoli/meoli_full.pdf
Technical paper examining the strengths and limitations of potential supporting technologies for the development of interactive electronic textiles. Authors: D. Meoli and T. May-Plumlee.

Interactive Electronic Textiles - http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05212002-104138/unrestricted/etd.pdf
Thesis presenting a study of technologies, applications, opportunities and market potentials of the emerging area of interactive electronic textiles. Author: Dina Meoli.

Light Emitting Textiles for Fashion and Health - http://www.intelligent-media.org/files/active/0/Smart_Wkshop_Report.pdf
Workshop report exploring the functional and psychological requirements for, and the applications of light emitting and color changing materials in textiles, fashion, health and related research areas.

Micromachine Based Fabric Formation Systems - http://www.ntcresearch.org/pdf-rpts/AnRp98/f98-s12.pdf
Technical paper describing a National Textile Center research project aimed at developing fundamentally new approaches for the processing of fibers into textile structures using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology.

Modeling and Simulating Electronic Textile Applications - http://www.ccm.ece.vt.edu/papers/jones_2004_LCTES04_modeling.pdf
Technical paper about the development of a simulation environment for electronic textiles, enabling the modelling of a diverse range of areas related to the design of e-textiles. Authors: Thomas Martin and others.

Modeling of Power Consumption and Fault Tolerance for Electronic Textiles - http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10162003-005726/unrestricted/tsheikh_2003_thesis.pdf
Master of Science thesis focused on research aimed at creating simulation models for power consumption and fault behaviour of electronic textile applications, and presenting simulation results of the performance of an acoustic beamforming textile in the presence and absence of faults to explore battery life and fault tolerance. Author: Tanwir Sheikh.

Modeling, Analysis and Self-Management of Electronic Textiles - http://www.gigascale.org/pubs/416/T-Comp_Aug.03.pdf
Technical paper presenting a detailed analysis of two techniques for adapting applications to the error prone electronic textile hardware substrate. Authors: Phillip Stanley-Marbell.

New Materials as Precursors for Smart Fibers, Textiles, Sheets and Structures - http://texmail.ca/002/files/002BrU053kb70Bt2BPC7/new-materials.pdf
Short paper discussing the properties of novel smart polymer fibers and the complex textile structures created with them, as well as a review of smart properties in glass and ceramic materials. Author: Lubomiir Sodomka.

Nonwoven Protective Garments with Thermo-Regulating Properties - http://jit.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/33/2/93.pdf
Technical paper about research aimed at improving the thermo-physiological wearing comfort of nonwoven protective garments by applying phase change materials (PCM) to the fabrics. Author: Barbara Pause.

PadNET: Wearable Physical Activity Detection Network - http://csdl.computer.org/comp/proceedings/iswc/2003/2034/00/20340244.pdf
Technical paper describing a low power, distributed platform that combines a wide range of different sensors in a wearable, hierarchical network. Author: Holger Junker and others.

Piezoresistive Sensors for Smart Textiles - http://www.tesumassd.org/faculty/calvert/papers/spieanimesh.pdf
Technical paper presenting the results of an experiment of using an inkjet printing system to deposit silver conducting lines and small conducting polymer sensors, onto textile fabrics to form electronic textiles for the monitoring and measurement of body motions. Authors: Paul Calvert and others.

Potential Space Applications for Body-Centric Wireless and E-Textile Antennas - http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20070008109_2007006177.pdf
Technical paper, exploring the possibilities of electronic textile materials for the development of antenna systems for use in space environments. Authors: T.F. Kennedy and others.

Printing Conductive Inks on Nonwovens: Challenges and Opportunities - http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12082006-130952/unrestricted/etd.pdf
Doctor of Philosophy thesis presenting an investigation into using conductive inks for printing flexible circuit boards onto nonwoven substrates as a low cost alternative to rigid printed circuit boards (PCBs). Author: Burcak Karaguzel.

Printing Electronic Circuits onto Nonwoven Conformal Fabrics Using Conductive Inks and Intelligent Control - http://www.ntcresearch.org/pdf-rpts/AnRp06/F04-NS17-A6.pdf
Research project of the National Textile Center (NTC), investigating the screen printing of transmission lines into a variety of nonwoven substrates using different condustive inks for durable and wearable electronic textile applications.

Real-Time Visualization of Woven Textiles - http://www.miralab.unige.ch//repository/papers/179.pdf
Technical paper presenting a new technique for visualizing woven textiles in real time by employing the multi-texturizing approach. Authors: N. Adabala and others.

Reconfigurable Fabric: An Enabling Technology for Pervasive Medical Monitoring - http://www.utdallas.edu/~rjafari/publications/conf/cnds04_03.pdf
Technical paper describing the Reconfigurable Fabric project at the University of California, LA, aimed at developing textile fabric in which computation, storage and communication are integrated in the weave structure. Authors: Fang-Chung Chen and others.

Sensing Fabrics for Monitoring Physiological and Biomechanical Variables: E-Textile Solutions - http://texmail.ca/002/files/003x8d00lq0g0cx3zp49/Sensing_fabrics.pdf
Technical paper reporting on the experiences gathered during the past five years in the application and use of wearable systems for personal healthcare. Authors: M. Pacelli and others.

Sensing Fabrics for Monitoring Physiological and Biomechanical Variables: E-Textile Solutions - http://www.hitech-projects.com/euprojects/myheart/public/public_results_documents/documents/3rd%20IEEE%20EMBS%20ISSS-MDBS%202006%20CDROM%2001-2142.pdf
Technical paper presenting an overview of the experience accumulated during the last years with implementing wearable systems for personalized health care and their evolution in time. Authors: M. Pacelli and others.

Smart Clothes: The MIT Wearable Computing Web Page - http://www.wearcam.org/computing.html/
Introduction and resource of technical information to the field of wearable computing, including links to related sites.

Smart Clothing - http://ldt.stanford.edu/%7Ejeepark/jeepark%2Bportfolio/cs147hw8jeepark.html
Assignment outline about the manufacture, structure, properties and applications of Georgia Tech University's "Wearable Motherboard" fabrics for commercial and military sensing and computing clothing and textiles. Author: Jee Park.

Smart Clothing: A New Life - http://www.iafnet.com/files/iaf_03_presentations/Smart%20Clothing-%20a%20new%20life.pdf
Overview of recent publications about smart textiles, its applications and current state of development. Authors: Paul Kiekens and others.

Smart Fabric, or Washable Computing - http://web.media.mit.edu/~rehmi/fabric/
Wearable computers can now merge seamlessly into ordinary clothing. Using various conductive textiles, data and power distribution as well as sensing circuitry can be incorporated directly into wash-and-wear clothing. Paper describing a number of techniques used to build circuits from commercially available fabrics, yarns, fasteners, and components to create wearable computers. Authors: Rehmi Post and Maggie Orth.

Smart Textiles - http://www.photonicslabs.com/Assets/downloads/smarttextiles.pdf
Short description of a project within the framework of the Soldier Warrior Systems Technologies, with the aim to investigate and develop the methodology and manufacturing processes for integration of electrical and optical conductive networks, sensors and electronic devices into clothing, webbing or other textile based materials worn by soldiers.

Smart Textiles in Vehicles: A Foresight - http://www.tx.ncsu.edu/jtatm/volume3issue4/Articles/Langenhove/langenhove_full_76_03.pdf
Technical paper describing the application possibilities of smart textiles in general, and in climate control and detection of reduced driver attention in automotive vehicles in particular. Authors: Lieva Van Langenhove and Carla Hertleer.

Smart Textiles: Advances in Technology - http://www.ualberta.ca/~jag3/smart_textiles/
Classroom presentation of the principles, technology and applications of smart textiles, by Prof. Jose E. Gonzalez.

Soft Computation through Conductive Textiles - http://www.xslabs.net/papers/iffti07-berzowska-AQ.pdf
Technical paper outlining various methods for constructing electronic textiles and threads, as well as traditional textile construction methods as sewing, embroidery and appliqué with various conductive and active materials to create interactive fabrics. Authors: Joanna Berzowska and Marguerite Bromley.

Strain-Sensing Fabrics for Wearable Kinaesthetic-Like Systems - ftp://www.piaggio.ccii.unipi.it/pub/papers/IEEE_sensor_journal_2003.pdf
Technical paper presenting a description of the polymerization process used to realize strain sensors, the characterization of strain-sensing textile fabrics, and the thermal and mechanical transduction properties of strain sensors from electroactive polymeric materials. Authors: E.P. Scilingo and others.

Technology Development for Building Flexible Silicon Functional Fibers - http://www.tu-cottbus.de/dc2wear/pdf/Flexible_Silicon_Functional_Fibres.pdf
Technical paper about the incorporation of functional fibers into textile fabrics to create smart fabrics with computing power. Authors: Thomas Healy and others.

Textiles Gain Intelligence - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6X1J-49KRMTY-10-F&_cdi=7244&_user=10&_orig=search&_coverDate=10/31/2003&_sk=999939989&view=c&wchp=dGLzVlz-zSkWW&md5=b766121e21f4a6bc36beae5ac6a4df47&ie=/sdarticle.pdf
Feature article from the Materials Today magazine about developing techniques and technologies for the incorporation of wires, circuits, optical fibers, conductive yarns and sensors into woven fabrics to create intelligent textiles. Author: Paula Gould.

The Basic Problems of Textronics - http://www.fibtex.lodz.pl/45_06_13.pdf
Technical paper describing the technological difficulties of integrating textile science, electronics and computer science into the new interdisciplinary branch of science designated as textronics. Authors: Krzisztof Gniotek and Izabela Krucinska.

The Information Curtain: Creating Digital Patterns with Dynamic Textiles - http://www.viktoria.se/fal/publications/play/2001/info-curtain.pdf
Short article about the development of interactive curtains for display purposes, created with fibers which change color according to the amount of ultra-violet light it is exposed to. Author: Linda Melin.

Towards a Design Framework for Wearable Electronic Textiles - http://www.ccm.ece.vt.edu/papers/martin_2003_ISWC03_etextile_design.pdf
Technical paper presenting a design framework for wearable electronic textiles, focusing on design and simulation issues that arise from the interaction of the electronic textile, the human body, and the environment. Authors: Thomas Martin and others.

Using Piezoelectric Materials for Wearable Electronic Textiles - http://www.ccm.ece.vt.edu/papers/edmison_2002_ISWC2002_piezoelectric.pdf
Technical paper describing the desirable characteristics of piezoelectric materials for wearable e-textiles, including shape sensing, sound detection and sound emission, and a description of a prototype of a glove for user input. Authors: J. Edmison and others.

Wearable Computing Meets Ubiquitous Computing - http://xenia.media.mit.edu/~rhodes/Papers/wearhive.html
Technical paper describing the fundamental difficulties in both the pure ubiquitous computing and pure wearable computing paradigms when applied to context-aware applications, and a proposal for the solution of such. From The Proceedings of The Third International Symposium on Wearable Computers. Authors: Bradley J. Rhodes, Nelson Minar and Josh Weaver.

Wearable Conductive Fiber Sensors for Multi-Axis Human Joint Angle Measurements - http://darbelofflab.mit.edu/files/Web-Posting-Goneometer-Peter-Gibbs-All-Final-2-05.pdf
Technical paper, describing the development of a wearable human joint motion sensor for continuous, day to day monitoring in medical and rehabilitation applications. Authors: Peter T. Gibbs and H. Harry Asada.

White Paper on Smart Textiles - http://www.ohmatex.dk/pdfer/whitepaper_smart_textiles.pdf
Overview of the state of the current situation in the smart textiles market, written for traditional textile companies and electronics industries. Published by Ohmatex ApS.

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