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	Catholic - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03449a.htm The combination "the Catholic Church" (he katholike ekklesia) is found for the first time in the letter of St. Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans, written about the year 110.
	Church, The - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03744a.htm The term church is the name employed in the Teutonic languages to render the Greek ekklesia (ecclesia), the term by which the New Testament writers denote the society founded by Jesus Christ.
	Christianity - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03712a.htm An account is given of Christianity as a religion, describing its origin, its relation to other religions, its essential nature and chief characteristics, but not dealing with its doctrines in detail nor its history as a visible organization.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04049b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04049b.htm A person who has been legitimately received into the ranks of the clergy.
	Consecration - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04276a.htm An act by which a thing is separated from a common and profane to a sacred use, or by which a person or thing is dedicated to the service and worship of God by prayers, rites, and ceremonies.

	Cauchy, Augustin-Louis - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03457a.htm French mathematician, b. at Paris, 21 August, 1789; d. at Sceaux, 23 May, 1857.
	Clement I, Pope Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04012c.htm Lengthy article on Clement I, also called Clemens Romanus, the fourth pope and the first of the Apostolic Fathers.
	Chronology, General - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03738a.htm Mathematical chronology determines the units to be employed in measuring time, and historical chronology which fixes in the general course of time the position of any particular occurrence, or, as it is generally termed, its date.
	Cathedral - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03438a.htm The chief church of a diocese.
	Cloister - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04060a.htm The English equivalent of the Latin word clausura (from claudere, "to shut up").

	Crusades - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04543c.htm Expeditions undertaken, in fulfilment of a solemn vow, to deliver the Holy Places from Mohammedan tyranny. The origin of the word may be traced to the cross made of cloth and worn as a badge on the outer garment of those who took part in these enterprises.
	Confucianism - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04223b.htm An article by Charles F. Aiken. Reviews the key teachings and history of Confucianism, and its relation to Christianity.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03190c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03190c.htm Etymologically any form of ruse or fraud employed to deceive another, particularly in judicial proceedings.
	Calvin, John - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03195b.htm Born at Noyon in Picardy, France, 10 July, 1509, and died at Geneva, 27 May, 1564.
	Cardinal - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03333b.htm A dignitary of the Roman Church and counsellor of the pope.

	Conclave - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04192a.htm The closed room or hall specially set aside and prepared for the cardinals when electing a pope; also the assembly of the cardinals for the canonical execution of this purpose.
	Communion of Saints - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04171a.htm The doctrine expressed in the second clause of the ninth article in the received text of the Apostles' Creed: "I believe... the Holy Catholic Church, the Communion of Saints".
	Christian Art - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03710a.htm Also called ecclesiastical art.
	Copernicus, Nicolaus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04352b.htm Latinized form of Niclas Kopernik, the name of the founder of the heliocentric planetary theory; born at Torun (Thorn), 19 February, 1473, died at Frauenburg, 24 May, 1543.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03227a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03227a.htm Comprises all that part of North America north of the United States, with the exception of Newfoundland, and Labrador.

	Clement VIII, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04027a.htm Reigned 1592-1605.
	Catholic University of America - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03455a.htm A pontifical institution located in Washington, D.C. It comprises the Schools of the Sacred Sciences, Philosophy, Law, Letters, and Science, each of which includes several departments.
	Cassini, Giovanni Domenico - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03405b.htm Italian astronomer. (1625-1712)
	Christine de Pisan - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03723a.htm Biography, including a list of her major poetic and historical works.
	Clement XIII, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04032a.htm Reigned 1758-69.

	Clement II, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04017a.htm Reigned 1046-47.
	Conscience - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04268a.htm The individual, as in him customary rules acquire ethical character by the recognition of distinct principles and ideals, all tending to a final unity or goal, which for the mere evolutionist is left very indeterminate, but for the Christian has adequate definition in a perfect possession of God by knowledge and love, without the contingency of further lapses from duty.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04340c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04340c.htm (1) A religious community of either sex when spoken of in its corporate capacity. (2) The buildings in which resides a community of either sex.
	Celestine V, Pope Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03479b.htm Benedictine priest and hermit, d. 1296.
	Celestine IV, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03479a.htm Reigned October-November 1241.

	Chivalry - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03691a.htm Considered from three points of view: the military, the social, and the religious.
	Christ, Order of the Knights of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03698b.htm A military order which sprang out of the famous Order of the Temple.
	Christendom - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03699b.htm In its wider sense this term is used to describe the part of the world which is inhabited by Christians.
	Canice, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03250a.htm Irish priest, monastic founder, missionary to Scotland, d. 600.
	Charlemagne - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610c.htm Biography of the emperor covering his political, military, and religious entanglements.

	Carthusian Order, The - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03388a.htm The name is derived from the French chartreuse through the Latin cartusia, of which the English "charterhouse" is a corruption.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04107b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04107b.htm The word college, from the Latin collegium, originally signified a community, a corporation, an organized society, a body of colleagues, or a society of persons engaged in some common pursuit.
	Councils, General - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04423f.htm Article looking at the definition, place in church governance and short historical sketches of each council until Vatican I.
	Clement VII, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04024a.htm Reigned 1523-34.
	Conon, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04258a.htm Reigned 686-687.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03459a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03459a.htm Cause, as the correlative of effect, is understood as being that which in any way gives existence to, or contributes towards the existence of, any thing; which produces a result; to which the origin of any thing is to be ascribed.
	Clement IV, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04019a.htm Reigned 1265-68.
	Codex Vaticanus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04086a.htm A quarto volume written in uncial letters of the fourth century.
	Cleef, Jan van - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04010d.htm Flemish painter. (1646-1716)
	Cistercians - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03780c.htm Religious of the Order of Cîteaux, a Benedictine reform, established at Cîteaux in 1098 by St. Robert, Abbot of Molesme in the Diocese of Langres, for the purpose of restoring as far as possible the literal observance of the Rule of St. Benedict.

	Clean and Unclean - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04010c.htm The distinction between legal and ceremonial, as opposed to moral.
	Charity, Sisters of, of St. Vincent de Paul (New York) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03607a.htm Motherhouse at Mt. St. Vincent-on Hudson, New York; not to be confused with the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul founded earlier.
	Celibacy of the Clergy - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03481a.htm The renunciation of marriage implicitly or explicitly made, for the more perfect observance of chastity, by all those who receive the Sacrament of Orders in any of the higher grades.
	Clement XI, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04029a.htm Reigned 1700-1721.
	Certitude - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03539b.htm The word indicates both a state of mind and a quality of a proposition, according as we say, "I am certain", or, "It is certain".

	Cross, The True - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04529a.htm (1) Growth Of the Christian Cult; (2) Catholic Doctrine on the Veneration of the Cross; (3) Relics of the True Cross; (4) Principal Feasts of the Cross.
	Communicatio Idiomatum - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04169a.htm A technical expression in the theology of the Incarnation. It means that the properties of the Divine Word can be ascribed to the man Christ, and that the properties of the man Christ can be predicated of the Word.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03776b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03776b.htm A tribe or family often mentioned in the Old Testament, personified as Qayin from which the nomen gentilicium Qeni is derived.
	Cyprian of Carthage, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04583b.htm Long article on this bishop and martyr.
	Commandments of God (The Ten Commandments) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04153a.htm The fundamental obligations of religion and morality and embodying the revealed expression of the Creator's will in relation to man's whole duty to God and to his fellow-creatures.

	Conversion - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04347a.htm Refers to a moral change, a turning or returning to God and to the true religion.
	Calendar, Jewish - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03166a.htm Details include days, weeks, months, years, and eras.
	Catacombs, Roman - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03417b.htm The subject is covered under the headings: I. Position; II. History; III. Inscriptions; IV. Paintings; V. Sarcophagi; VI. Small Objects Found in the Catacombs; and VII. Catacombs outside Rome.
	Callistus III, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03187a.htm Born near Valencia in Spain, 31 December, 1378; died at Rome, 6 August, 1458.
	Categorical Imperative - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03432a.htm A term which originated in Immanuel Kant's ethics.

	Callistus II, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03185a.htm Date of birth unknown; died 13 December, 1124.
	Christmas - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03724b.htm Provides a detailed overview of the holiday from the fourth century through the modern age. Includes links to related topics.
	Clement V, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04020a.htm Reigned 1305-14.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03769a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03769a.htm Popular hero of the chivalrous age of Spain, born at Burgos c. 1040; died at Valencia, 1099. He was given the title of seid or cid (lord, chief) by the Moors and that of campeador (champion) by his admiring countrymen.
	Celestine I, Pope Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03477c.htm Excommunicated Nestorius, sent St. Patrick to Ireland, d. 432.

	Columbus, Christopher - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04140a.htm Lengthy biographical article on the explorer.
	Constantinople, Council of, in Trullo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04311b.htm Particular council held in A.D. 692.
	Correction, Fraternal - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04394a.htm The admonishing of one's neighbor by a private individual with the purpose of reforming him or, if possible, preventing his sinful indulgence.
	Canon of the New Testament - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03274a.htm The idea of a complete and clear-cut canon of the New Testament existing from the beginning, that is from Apostolic times, has no foundation in history.
	Carlisle - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03349b.htm The Catholic was smaller in extent than the present Anglican diocese, which was enlarged in 1856.

	Clement X, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04028b.htm Reigned 1670-1676.
	Charles Borromeo, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03619a.htm Biographical article on the Archbishop of Milan, Cardinal, a leading light of the Catholic Reformation.
	Chevreul, Michel-Eugène - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03650b.htm Chemist, physicist, and philosopher, b. at Angers, France, 31 August, 1786; d. at Paris, 9 April, 1889.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03574b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03574b.htm When St. Martin divided his military cloak (cappa) and gave half to the beggar at the gate of Amiens, he wrapped the other half round his shoulders, thus making of it a cape (capella). This cape, or its representative, was afterwards preserved as a relic and accompanied the Frankish kings in their wars, and the tent which sheltered it became known also as cappella or capella. In this tent Mass was celebrated by the military chaplains (capellani). When at rest in the palace the relic likewise gave its name to the oratory where it was kept, and subsequently any oratory where Mass and Divine service were celebrated was called capella, chapelle, chapel.
	Concordat of 1801, The French - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04204a.htm This name is given to the convention of the 26th Messidor, year IX (July 16, 1802), whereby Pope Pius VII and Bonaparte, First Consul, re-established the Catholic Church in France.

	Celestine II, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03478a.htm Reigned 1143-1144.
	Character - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03584b.htm A consideration of the term as it is used in psychology and ethics.
	Callistus I, Pope Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03183d.htm Martyr, d. about 223. Also known as Callixtus or Calixtus.
	Charity, Sisters of, of St. Vincent de Paul - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03605a.htm A congregation of women with simple vows, founded in 1633 and devoted to corporal and spiritual works of mercy.
	Cornelius, Pope Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04375c.htm Had to contend with the antipope Novatian. When persecution broke out, Cornelius was exiled, and he died a martyr in 253.

	Canon of the Old Testament - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03267a.htm Signifies the authoritative list or closed number of the writings composed under Divine inspiration, and destined for the well-being of the Church.
	Cyril of Jerusalem, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04595b.htm Bishop, Doctor of the Church, d. 386.
	Crown, Franciscan - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04540a.htm Also known as the Seraphic Rosary. Brief history, general description of how one prays this chaplet.
	Concordat - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04196a.htm In general, a concordat means an agreement, or union of wills, on some matter.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04515c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04515c.htm The Pastoral Staff is an ecclesiastical ornament which is conferred on bishops at their consecration and on mitred abbots at their investiture, and which is used by these prelates in performing certain solemn functions.

	Cajetan, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03145a.htm Also known as St. Gaetano. Biography of the founder of the Theatines.
	Crown of Thorns - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04540b.htm Mentioned by three Evangelists and is often alluded to by the early Christian Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and others, but there are comparatively few writers of the first six centuries who speak of it as a relic known to be still in existence.
	Calvary, Mount - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03191a.htm The place of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
	Cardan, Girolamo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03332a.htm Italian physician and mathematician. (1501-1576)
	Criticism, Higher - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04491c.htm Biblical criticism in its fullest comprehension is the examination of the literary origins and historical values of the books composing the Bible, with the state in which these exist at the present day.

	Clement VI, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04023a.htm Born 1291 in the castle of Maumont, departmentof Corrèze, France, elected pope, 7 May, 1342, at Avignon, where he died 6 December, 1352.
	Counsels, Evangelical - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04435a.htm The difference between a precept and a counsel lies in this, that the precept is a matter of necessity while the counsel is left to the free choice of the person to whom it is proposed.
	Clement of Alexandria, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04045a.htm Fairly lengthy article on his life and writings.
	Constance, Council of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04288a.htm A (partly) ecumenical council held at Constance, now in the Grand Duchy of Baden, from 5 Nov., 1414, to 22 April, 1418.
	Coronation - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04380a.htm Discussed as (I) The Emperors at Constantinople; (II) Visigothic and Celtic Elements; (III) The English Coronation Orders; (IV) The Western Empire and the Roman Pontifical; and (V) Other Ceremonials.

	Cabral, Pedralvarez - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03128a.htm Portuguese navigator. (b. 1460)
	Criticism, Historical - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04503a.htm The art of distinguishing the true from the false concerning facts of the past.
	Chaplain - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03579b.htm Discusses the types including court, beneficed, parochial, domestic, pontifical, and military.
	Caius and Soter, Saints - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03144c.htm Popes, having their feast together on 22 April.
	Canon of the Mass - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03255c.htm Article divided into four sections: (I) Name and place of the Canon; (II) History of the Canon; (III) The text and rubrics of the Canon; (IV) Mystical interpretations.

	Constantine, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04294b.htm Reigned 708-715.
	Chartreuse, La Grande - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03636a.htm The mother-house of the Carthusian Order lies in a high valley of the Alps of Dauphine.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04103a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04103a.htm The name now used only for short prayers before the Epistle in the Mass, which occur again at Lauds, Terce, Sext, None, and Vespers.
	Criticism, Textual - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04497a.htm The object of textual criticism is to restore as nearly as possible the original text of a work the autograph of which has been lost.
	Ceremony - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03538b.htm In liturgy, an external action, gesture, or movement which accompanies the prayers and public exercise of divine worship.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04116a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04116a.htm German city and archbishopric.
	Charity and Charities - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03592a.htm In its widest and highest sense, charity includes love of God as well as love of man.
	Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03543a.htm Spanish author. (1547-1616)
	Calendar, Christian - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03158a.htm Includes history and Saint's days.
	Codex Bezae - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04083a.htm Greek, New Testament manuscript.

	Carmelite Order, The - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03354a.htm One of the mendicant orders.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03582b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03582b.htm Designates certain corporate ecclesiastical bodies, said to be derived from the chapter of the rule book, which it was the custom to read in the assemblies of monks.
	Cassian, John, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03404a.htm Article on the monk and ascetic writer, who attempted to convey the teaching and way of life of the desert fathers and mothers to the fledgling monastic movement in Gaul.
	Cham, Chamites - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03566b.htm Son of Noe and progenitor of one of the three great races of men whose ethnographical table is given by Genesis 10.
	Constantine the Great - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04295c.htm Information on the Roman emperor.

	Cemeteries, Early Roman Christian - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03510a.htm This article treats briefly of the individual catacomb cemeteries in the vicinity of Rome.
	Cistercian Sisters - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03790a.htm The first Cistercian monastery for women was established at Tart in the Diocese of Langres (now Dijon), in the year 1125, by sisters from the Benedictine monastery of Juilly, and with the co-operation of St. Stephen Harding, Abbot of Cîteaux.
	Coriolis, Gaspard-Gustave de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04370a.htm French mathematician. (1792-1843)
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04363b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04363b.htm A titular archiepiscopal see of Greece.
	Catechumen - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03430b.htm In the early Church, was the name applied to one who had not yet been initiated into the sacred mysteries, but was undergoing a course of preparation for that purpose.

	Constantinople, The Rite of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04312d.htm The Liturgies, Divine Office, forms for the administration of sacraments and for various blessings, sacramentals, and exorcisms, of the Church of Constantinople.
	Cluny, Congregation of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04073a.htm The earliest reform, which became practically a distinct order, within the Benedictine family.
	Confirmation - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04215b.htm Describes its origin from Biblical texts and how it has been handed down through the ages. The rite is briefly described, and the minister, matter, form, recipient, effects, necessity and sponsors are detailed.
	Chastity - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03637d.htm The virtue which excludes or moderates the indulgence of the sexual appetite.
	Chronology, Biblical - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03731a.htm Deals with the dates of the various events recorded in the Bible.

	Casas, Bartolomé de las - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03397a.htm Born at Seville, probably in 1474; d. at Madrid, 1566.
	Contract - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04332a.htm The canonical and moralist doctrine on this subject is a development of that contained in the Roman civil law. In civil law, a contract is defined as the union of several persons in a coincident expression of will by which their legal relations are determined.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03561a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03561a.htm Occupies the first place among sacred vessels, and by a figure of speech the material cup is often used as if it were synonymous with the Precious Blood itself.
	Capuchin Friars Minor - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03320b.htm An autonomous branch of the first Franciscan Order.
	Charles V, Emperor - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03625a.htm Born at Ghent, 1500; died at Yuste, in Spain, 1558; was a descendant of the house of Hapsburg, and to this descent owed his sovereignty over so many lands that it was said of him that the sun never set on his dominions.

	Children of Mary - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03659d.htm The Sodality of Children of Mary Immaculate owes its origin to the manifestation of the Virgin Immaculate of the Miraculous Medal, on which the Church has placed a seal, by appointing the twenty-seventh of November as its feast.
	Contract, The Social - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04335a.htm Includes contents and critique.
	Chaucer, Geoffrey - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03642b.htm Summary of the author's life and literary contributions.
	Canterbury - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03299b.htm The Ancient Diocese of Canterbury was the Mother-Church and Primatial See of All England, from 597 till the death of the last Catholic Archbishop, Cardinal Pole, in 1558.
	Condition - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04211a.htm That which is necessary or at least conducive to the actual operation of a cause.

	Cosmology - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04413a.htm In our day cosmology is a branch of philosophical study, and therefore excludes from its investigation whatever forms the object of the natural sciences.
	Constantinople, Fourth Ecumenical Council of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04310b.htm The Eighth General Council was opened, 5 October, 869, in the Cathedral of Saint Sophia, under the presidency of the legates of Adrian II.
	Canons and Canonesses Regular - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03288a.htm According to St. Thomas Aquinas, a canon regular is essentially a religious cleric.
	Catherine of Siena, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03447a.htm Third Order Dominican, hermit, reformer, mystic, d. 1380. Biographical article by Edmund G. Gardner.
	Constantinople, First Ecumenical Council of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04308a.htm Called in May, 381, by Emperor Theodosius, to provide for a Catholic succession in the patriarchal See of Constantinople, to confirm the Nicene Faith, to reconcile the semi-Arians with the Church, and to put an end to the Macedonian heresy.

	Corpus Juris Canonici - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04391a.htm The term corpus here denotes a collection of documents; corpus juris, a collection of laws, especially if they are placed in systematic order.
	Constance - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04286c.htm Formerly the seat of a diocese.
	Chicago, Archdiocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03653a.htm Diocese created 28 November, 1842; raised to the rank of an archdiocese, 10 September, 1880.
	Constantinople, Second Ecumenical Council of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04308b.htm This council was held at Constantinople (5 May-2 June, 553), having been called by Emperor Justinian. It was attended mostly by Oriental bishops; only six Western (African) bishops were present.
	Cambrai, Archdiocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03209c.htm Comprises the entire Département du Nord of France.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03663b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03663b.htm Includes history, government, education, and religion.
	Clement III, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04018a.htm Reigned 1187-1191.
	Cyril and Methodius, Saints - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04592a.htm Also called Constantine and Methodius. Biography of these ninth-century brothers, Apostles of the Slavs.
	Clement XIV, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04034a.htm Reigned 1769-1774.
	Calvinism - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03198a.htm Calvin succeeded Luther in point of time and was committed to a struggle with Zwingli's disciples at Zurich and elsewhere, known as Sacramentarians.

	Clement IX, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04028a.htm Reigned 1667-1669.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04569d.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04569d.htm A spherical ceiling, or a bowl-shaped vault, rising like an inverted cup over a circular, square, or multangular building or any part of it.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03246a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03246a.htm The word candle (candela, from candeo, to burn) was introduced into the English language as an ecclesiastical term, probably as early as the eighth century.
	Cadalous - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03128c.htm Bishop and antipope. (d.1072)
	Calendar, Reform of the - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03168a.htm Such alterations were too obvious to be ignored, and throughout the Middle Ages many observers both pointed them out and endeavoured to devise a remedy.

	Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nuñez - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03126c.htm Born at Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia, Spain; dates of birth and death uncertain.
	Codex Alexandrinus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04080c.htm Greek manuscript of the Old and New Testaments, so named because it was brought to Europe from Alexandria and had been the property of the patriarch of that see.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04570a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04570a.htm Literally, one who has the cure (care) or charge of souls, in which sense it is yet used by the Church of England, "All Bishops and Curates".
	Campanella, Tommaso - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03221b.htm In-depth article on the strange career of the Italian anti-Aristotelian Dominican writer.
	Clement XII, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04030a.htm Reigned 1730-1740.

	Cura Animarum - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04572a.htm Technically, the exercise of a clerical office involving the instruction, by sermons and admonitions, and the sanctification, through the sacraments, of the faithful in a determined district, by a person legitimately a ppointed for the purpose.
	Custom (in Canon Law) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04576a.htm An unwritten law introduced by the continuous acts of the faithful with the consent of the legitimate legislator.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04477a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04477a.htm The largest and most important Indian tribe of Canada, and one of the largest north of Mexico.
	Candlemas - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03245b.htm Also called: Purification of the Blessed Virgin, Feast of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple.
	Camaldolese - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03204d.htm A joint order of hermits and cenobites, founded by St. Romuald at the beginning of the eleventh century.

	Contemplation - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04324b.htm The idea of contemplation is connected with that of mystical theology.
	Cherokee Indians - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03646a.htm The largest and most important tribe of Iroquoian stock of the southern section of the United States, and formerly holding the whole southern Alleghany mountain region of North and South Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee, with considerable portions of Alabama, Virginia and Kentucky.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04558a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04558a.htm The word originally meant a hidden place, natural or artificial, suitable for the concealment of persons or things.
	Cross and Crucifix in Liturgy - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04533a.htm Information on the history and uses.
	Cemeteries - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03504a.htm The word coemeterium or cimiterium (in Gr. koimeterion) may be said in early literature to be used exclusively of the burial places of Jews and Christians.

	Communism - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04179a.htm In its more general signification communism refers to any social system in which all property, or at least all productive property, is owned by the group, or community, instead of by individuals.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03252a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03252a.htm Ecclesiastical person.
	Caesarius of Arles, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03135b.htm Bishop, theologian, renowned as a popular preacher, wrote two monastic rules, died 543.
	Corpus Christi, Feast of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04390b.htm This feast is celebrated in the Latin Church on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday to solemnly commemorate the institution of the Holy Eucharist.
	Choctaw Indians - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03692a.htm An important tribe or confederacy of Muskogean stock formerly holding most of Southern Alabama and Mississippi, with adjoining portions of Louisiana.

	California Missions - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03177b.htm Divided into Lower or Old California and Upper California.
	Chorepiscopi - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16024c.htm A name originally given in the Eastern Church to bishops whose jurisdiction was confined to rural districts.
	Codex Sinaiticus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04085a.htm A Greek manuscript of the Old and New Testaments, of the greatest antiquity and value; found on Mount Sinai, in St. Catherine's Monastery, by Constantine Tischendorf.
	Common Sense, Philosophy of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04167a.htm The term common sense designates (1) a special faculty, the sensus communis of the Aristotelean and Scholastic philosophy; (2) the sum of original principles found in all normal minds; (3) the ability to judge and reason in accordance with those principles (recta ratio, good sense).
	Columbanus, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04137a.htm Irish-born abbot of Luxeuil and Bobbio, author of a monastic rule and of a penitential, d. 615. Biography.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04478a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04478a.htm In general, a form of belief.
	Character, Sacramental - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03586a.htm Indicates a special effect produced by three of the sacraments, viz. Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy orders.
	Confraternity (Sodality) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04223a.htm A voluntary association of the faithful, established and guided by competent ecclesiastical authority for the promotion of special works of Christian charity or piety.
	Counter-Reformation, The - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04437a.htm Denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the Thirty Years' War, 1648.
	Cassiodorus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03405c.htm Roman writer, statesman, and monk, b. about 490; d. about 583.

	Chair of Peter - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03551e.htm From the earliest times the Church at Rome celebrated on 18 January the memory of the day when the Apostle held his first service with the faithful of the Eternal City.
	Constantinople - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04301a.htm Capital, formerly of the Byzantine, now of the Ottoman, Empire. (As of 1908, when the article was written.)
	Catherine de' Medici - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03443a.htm Born 13 April, 1519; died 5 January, 1589; she was the daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici (II), Duke of Urbino, and Madeleine de la Tour d' Auvergne who, by her mother, Catherine of Bourbon, was related to the royal house of France.
	Christian Brothers of Ireland - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03710b.htm An institute founded at Waterford, Ireland, in 1802, by Edmund Ignatius Rice, a merchant of that city.
	Caxton, William - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03469a.htm Born in the Weald of Kent, c. 1422; died at Westminster, 1491; the first English printer and the introducer of the art of printing into England.

	Caesarea Philippi - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03135a.htm A Greek Catholic residential see, and a Latin titular see, in Syria.
	Commodianus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04165a.htm A Christian poet, the date of whose birth is uncertain, but generally placed at about the middle of the third century.
	Cecilia, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03471b.htm Virgin and martyr; patroness of church music.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03348a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03348a.htm Next to the Arawaks, probably the most numerous Indian stock, of more or less nomadic habits, in South America.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04563b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04563b.htm In the Irish language the word was written Ceile-De, meaning companion, or even spouse, of God, with the Latin equivalent in the plural, Colidei, anglicized into Culdees; in Scotland it was often written Kelidei.

	Clementines - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04039b.htm The name given to the religious romance in two forms as composed by Pope St. Clement I.
	Catherine of Alexandria, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03445a.htm Article on the virgin and martyr. In the Middle Ages, one of the most popular saints.
	Chasuble - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03639a.htm Called in Latin casula planeta or pænula, and in early Gallic sources amphibalus, the principal and most conspicuous Mass vestment, covering all the rest.
	Camerlengo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03217a.htm The title of certain papal officials.
	Communion under Both Kinds - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04175a.htm Communion under one kind is the reception of the Sacrament of the Eucharist under the species or appearance of bread alone, or of wine alone, Communion under two or both kinds, the distinct reception under the two or both species, sub utraque specie, at the same time.

	Chartres - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03635a.htm Diocese in France. Comprises the department of Eure-et-Loir.
	Colonnade - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04128c.htm A number of columns symmetrically arranged in one or more rows.
	Courts, Ecclesiastical - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04447a.htm Legislative, judicial, and executive power to be exercised over the church, without any interference on the part of civil society.
	Camillus de Lellis, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03217b.htm Biographical article on founder of a religious order devoted to care of the sick and dying.
	Catherine of Bologna, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03446a.htm Short biography of this Poor Clare, mystic, and writer, who died in 1463.

	Cheyenne - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03651a.htm Diocese established 9 August, 1887.
	Consistory, Papal - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04285a.htm The origin of the papal consistory is closely connected with the history of the Roman presbytery or body of the Roman clergy.
	Cyril of Alexandria, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04592b.htm Article on this Doctor of the Church, and anti-Nestorian theologian.
	Chalcedon, Council of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03555a.htm The Fourth Ecumenical Council, held in 451, from 8 October until 1 November inclusive, at Chalcedon, a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor.
	Chippewa Indians - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03690a.htm The popular name is a corruption of Ojibwa, a name of uncertain etymology, but generally supposed to refer to the "puckered up" appearance of the seam along the front of the tribal moccasin.

	Castile and Aragon - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03410b.htm The united kingdom which came into existence by the marriage (1469) of Isabella, heiress of Castile, with Ferdinand the Catholic, King of Aragon.
	Catherine of Genoa, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03446b.htm Biography of the mystic and author, who died in 1510.
	Clare of Assisi, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04004a.htm Cofounded the "Poor Clares" with St. Francis. She died in 1253.
	Caedmon, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03131c.htm Article on the laborer for the double monastery of Whitby, composer of hymns and other Biblical poems in Anglo-Saxon, who died between 670 and 680.
	Consciousness - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04274a.htm In its widest sense it includes all sensations, thoughts, feelings, and volitions, in fact the sum total of mental life.

	China, The Church in - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03669a.htm The introduction of Christianity into China has been ascribed not only to the Apostle of India, St. Thomas, but also to St. Bartholomew.
	Continence - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04330b.htm Defined as abstinence from even the licit gratifications of marriage.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04483a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04483a.htm Suffragan of Milan.
	Censorship of Books - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03519d.htm Either ecclesiastical or civil, according as it is practiced by the spiritual or secular authority, and it may be exercised in two ways, viz.: before the printing or publishing of a work, by examining it (censura prævia); and after the printing or publishing, by repressing or prohibiting it (censura repressiva).
	Cavalieri, Bonaventura - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03468a.htm Italian mathematician, b. at Milan in 1598; d. at Bologna, 3 December, 1647.

	Canaan, Canaanites - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03569b.htm The Hebrew word Kenaan, denoting a person.
	Creation - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04470a.htm Like other words of the same ending, the term creation signifies both an action and the object or effect thereof. Thus, in the latter sense, we speak of the "kingdoms of creation", "the whole creation", and so on.
	Cosmas and Damian, Saints - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04403e.htm Short hagiography of these twins, physicians, and martyrs. They died on 27 September, probably in the year 287.
	Christopher, Pope - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03729a.htm Reigned 903-904.
	Cortés, Hernando - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04397a.htm Conqueror of Mexico, born at Medellin in Spain c. 1485; died at Castilleja de la Cuesta near Seville, 2 December, 1547.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04379b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04379b.htm The uppermost division of the entablature, the representative of the roof, of an order, consisting of projecting mouldings and blocks, usually divisible into bed-moulding, corona, and gutter.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04510a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04510a.htm Includes history, education, and religion.
	Constantius, Flavius Julius - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16027c.htm Roman emperor (317-361).
	Commentaries on the Bible - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04157a.htm Includes: I. Jewish Commentaries; II. Patristic; III. Medieval; IV. Modern Catholic; and V. Non-Catholic.
	Charterhouse - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03634a.htm From the fact that St. Bruno founded the first house of his austere order at Chartreux, near Grenoble, the institution has ever since been known by the name of that place.

	Cletus, Pope Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04054a.htm Says that "Cletus" is only another form of "Anacletus," briefly explains how the error of thinking the two names are two different popes came about, says that Cletus died in about 88.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04558c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04558c.htm The largest and westernmost island of the West Indies.
	Canoness - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03255b.htm The assistance of women in the work of the Church goes back to the earliest time, and their uniting together for community exercises was a natural development of religious worship.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04351a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04351a.htm A vestment which may most conveniently be described as a long liturgical mantle, open in front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp.
	Calcutta, Archdiocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03152a.htm Extends along the sea-coast from the Khabadak to the Mahanundi River.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04080b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04080b.htm The name given to a manuscript in leaf form, distinguishing it from a roll.
	Canova, Antonio - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03298b.htm Italian sculptor. (1757-1822)
	Clandestinity (in Canon Law) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04001a.htm Strictly speaking, clandestinity signifies a matrimonial impediment introduced by the Council of Trent to invalidate marriages contracted at variance with the exigencies of the decree "Tametsi", commonly so called because the first word of the Latin text is tametsi.
	Covetousness - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04462a.htm Generally, an unreasonable desire for what we do not possess.
	Compline - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04187a.htm Scholarly essay on what is essentially a bedtime prayer, often recited privately.

	Cornelius - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04375b.htm A centurion of the Italic cohort, whose conversion at Cæsarea with his household is related in Acts 10.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03696b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03696b.htm A mixture of oil of olives and balsam, blessed by a bishop in a special manner and used in the administration of certain sacraments and in the performance of certain ecclesiastical functions.
	Consent (in Canon Law) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04283a.htm The deliberate agreement required of those concerned in legal transactions in order to legalize such actions.
	Costume, Clerical - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04419b.htm In almost every country and every order of the clergy, the clothing has its own distinctive features.
	Communion of the Sick - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04174a.htm Differs from ordinary Communion as to the class of persons to whom it is administered, as to the dispositions with which it may be received, and as to the place and ceremonies of administration.

	Cyprian, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04582b.htm Bishop of Toulon, student and biographer of St. Caesarius of Arles. Cyprian died in 546.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03572b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03572b.htm Part of the choir near the altar of a church, where the deacons or sub-deacons stand to assist the officiating priest.
	Chibchas - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03652d.htm In the beginning of the sixteenth century they occupied what is now the departments of Boyaca and Cundinamarca with, possible, a few outlying settlements.
	Caracalla - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03328c.htm Roman Emperor, son of Septimius Severus and Julia Domna, b. 188; d. 217.
	Clericis Laicos - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04050b.htm The initial words of a Bull issued 25 Feb., 1296, by Boniface VIII in response to an earnest appeal of the English and French prelates for protection against the intolerable exactions of the civil power.

	Carracci - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03374c.htm Italian painter, engraver, and etcher, b. at Bologna, 16 August, 1557; d. at Parma, 22 March, 1602.
	Carroll of Carrollton, Charles - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03379c.htm American statesman. (1737-1832)
	Confiteor - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04222a.htm A general confession of sins; it is used in the Roman Rite at the beginning of Mass and on various other occasions as a preparation for the reception of some grace.
	Clare of Montefalco, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04006a.htm Abbess, claimed by both the Franciscans and the Augustinians, d. 1308.
	Compostela - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04187b.htm A famous city of Spain, situated on an eminence between the Sar (the Sars of Pomponius Mela) and Sarela.

	Colours, Liturgical - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04134a.htm The Church directs that the vestments worn by ministers, and the drapery used in the decoration of the altar should correspond in colour to that which is prescribed for the Office of the day.
	Co-education - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04088b.htm The term is now generally reserved to the practice of educating the sexes together; but even in this sense it has a variety of meanings.
	Cathedraticum - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03441a.htm A certain sum of money to be contributed annually for the support of the bishop, as a mark of honour and in sign of subjection to the cathedral church, hence its name.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03693b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03693b.htm A body of singers entrusted with the musical parts of the Church service, and organized and instructed for that purpose.
	Centre (Party), The - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16020b.htm This name is given to a political party in the German Reichstag and to a number of parties in the diets of the various states of the German Empire.

	Canons, Ecclesiastical - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03287a.htm Certain rules or norms of conduct or belief prescribed by the Church.
	Constantinople, Council of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04311a.htm A particular council held in A.D. 382.
	Celtic Rite, The - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03493a.htm The term "Celtic Rite" is generally, but rather indefinitely, applied to the various rites in use in Great Britain, Ireland, perhaps in Brittany, and sporadically in Northern Spain, and in the monasteries which resulted from the Irish missions of St. Columbanus in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, at a time when rites other than the then existing rite of Rome were used, wholly or partially, in those places.
	Colossians, Epistle to the - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04131b.htm One of the four Captivity Epistles written by St. Paul during his first imprisonment in Rome.
	Canticle of Canticles - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03302a.htm One of three books of Solomon, contained in the Hebrew, the Greek, and the Christian Canon of the Scriptures.

	Charismata - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03588e.htm The spiritual graces and qualifications granted to every Christian to perform his task in the Church.
	Creed, Liturgical Use of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04479a.htm The public use of creeds began in connection with baptism, in the Traditio and Redditio symboli, as a preparation for that sacrament, and in the preliminary interrogations.
	Concelebration - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04190a.htm The rite by which several priests say Mass together, all consecrating the same bread and wine.
	Chaldean Christians - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03559a.htm The name of former Nestorians now reunited with the Roman Church.
	Circumcision - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03777a.htm The Hebrew word, like the Greek (peritome), and the Latin (circumcisio), signifies a cutting and, specifically, the removal of the prepuce, or foreskin, from the penis.

	Clairvaux, Abbey of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03798c.htm The third daughter of Cîteaux and mother in the fourth line of numerous and celebrated monasteries, founded in 1115 by St. Bernard, in a deep valley upon the bank of the Aube, and known as the Vallée d'Absinthe.
	Citeaux, Abbey of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03792a.htm Founded in 1098 by St. Robert, Abbot of Molesme, in a deserted and uninhabited part of the Diocese of Châlons-sur Saône.
	Cabrillo, Estévan - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03128b.htm Sixteenth century sailor.
	Camões, Luis Vaz de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03218b.htm Epic poet, born in 1524 or 1525; died 10 June, 1580.
	China, History of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03681a.htm Discusses the origin of the Chinese.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04228a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04228a.htm An account written before the annexation of the state by the Belgian government.
	Chateaubriand, François-René - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03640a.htm French writer, b. at Saint-Malo, Brittany, 4 September, 1768; d. at Paris, 4 July, 1848.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04396b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04396b.htm The third island of the Mediterranean in point of size, only Sicily and Sardinia being of greater extent.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03297c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03297c.htm An ornamental covering of cloth, stone, wood, or metal, used to crown an altar, throne, pulpit, or statue.
	Claude de la Colombière, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16026b.htm Jesuit missionary, ascetical writer, spiritual director to St. Margaret Mary Alacoque. He died in 1682.

	College, Apostolic - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04112a.htm This term designates The Twelve Apostles as the body of men commissioned by Christ to spread the kingdom of God over the whole world and to give it the stability of a well-ordered society.
	Creationism - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04475a.htm (1) In the widest sense, the doctrine that the material of the universe was created by God out of no pre-existing subject. (2) Less widely, the doctrine that the various species of living beings were immediately and directly created or produced by God, and are not therefore the product of an evolutionary process.
	Concupiscence - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04208a.htm In its widest acceptation, concupiscence is any yearning of the soul for good; in its strict and specific acceptation, a desire of the lower appetite contrary to reason.
	Colette, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04099b.htm Founder of the Colettine Poor Clares (Clarisses), d. 1447.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04575c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04575c.htm Cush, like the other names of the ethnological table of Genesis, x, is the name of a race, but it has generally been understood to designate also an individual, the progenitor of the nations and tribes known in the ancient world as Cushites.

	Cosmogony - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04405c.htm By this term is understood an account of how the universe (cosmos) came into being (gonia - gegona = I have become). It differs from cosmology, or the science of the universe, in this: that the latter aims at understanding the actual composition and governing laws of the universe as it now exists; while the former answers the question as to how it first came to be.
	Clotilda, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04066a.htm Queen of the Franks, wife of King Clovis I and grandmother of St. Cloud. Devoted to St. Martin of Tours and instrumental in the conversion of the Franks, she died in 545.
	Cherubim - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03646c.htm Angelic beings or symbolic representations thereof, mentioned frequently in the Old Testament and once in the New Testament.
	Cuthbert, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04578a.htm Biography of this soldier, monk, bishop of Lindisfarne, hermit.
	Cuncolim, Martyrs of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04568a.htm On Monday, 25 July, 1583 (N.S.), the village of Cuncolim in the district of Salcete, territory of Goa, India, was the scene of the martyrdom of five religious of the Society of Jesus: Fathers Rudolph Acquaviva, Alphonsus Pacheco, Peter Berno, and Anthony Francis, also Francis Aranha, lay brother.

	Constantinople, Third Ecumenical Council of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04310a.htm The Sixth General Council was summoned in 678 by Emperor Constantine Pogonatus, with a view of restoring between East and West the religious harmony that had been troubled by the Monothelistic controversies.
	Cabot, John and Sebastian - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03126d.htm Navigators and explorers.
	Canada, Catholicity in - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03231a.htm Treated under three headings: I. Period of French domination, from the discovery of Canada to the Treaty of Paris, in 1763; II. Period of British rule, from 1763 to the present day; III. Present conditions.
	Catholicos - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03454a.htm The ecclesiastical title of the Nestorian and Armenian patriarchs.
	Colonna, Vittorio - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04128b.htm Italian poet, born at Marino, 1490; died at Rome, February 25, 1547.

	Cartier, Jacques - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03392b.htm The discoverer of Canada, b. at Saint-Malo, Brittany, in 1491; d. 1 September, 1557.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03306a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03306a.htm The chief singer (and sometimes instructor) of the ecclesiastical choir, called also precentor.
	Cleef, Joost van - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04010e.htm Flemish painter. (1520-1556)
	Carroll, John - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03381b.htm First American bishop. (1735-1815)
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04070a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04070a.htm King of the Salic Franks. (466-511)

	Catholic Epistle - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03453a.htm The name given to the Epistle of St. James, to that of St. Jude, to two Epistles of St. Peter and the first three of St. John, because, unlike the Epistles of St. Paul, they were addressed not to any particular person or church, but to the faithful generally after the manner of an Encyclical letter.
	Caddo Indians - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03129a.htm In the earlier period they were commonly known to the Spaniards as Tejas, whence the name of the State, and to the French as Cenis or Assinais.
	Canons, Apostolic - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03279a.htm A collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees concerning the government and discipline of the Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions.
	Cardinal Virtues - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03343a.htm The four principal virtues upon which the rest of the moral virtues turn or are hinged.
	Corinthians, Epistles to the - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04364a.htm The historical and internal evidence that they were written by St. Paul is overwhelmingly strong.

	Catafalque - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03427a.htm Derived from the Italian word catafalco, literally means a scaffold or elevation, but in its strictly liturgical sense the word is employed to designate the cenotaph-like erection which is used at the exequial offices of the Church, and takes the place of the bier whenever the remains are not present.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04150a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04150a.htm Architectural term for a supporting pillar.
	Colonna, Egidio - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04127a.htm A Scholastic philosopher and theologian, b. about the middle of the thirteenth century, probably 1247, in Rome.
	Christina Alexandra - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03722a.htm Queen of Sweden. Biographical article by P. Wittman.
	Colombia - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04121b.htm Forms the north-west corner of the South American Continent.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04543a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04543a.htm A small vessel used for containing the wine and water required for the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.
	Calvert, George - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03192a.htm First Lord Baltimore, statesman and colonizer. (1580-1632)
	Captivities of the Israelites - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03315a.htm Includes the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Roman captivities.
	Churching of Women - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03761a.htm A blessing given by the Church to mothers after recovery from childbirth.
	Catherine of Sweden, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03448a.htm Daughter of St. Bridget of Sweden. Widow, pilgrim, superior of the Brigittine motherhouse, d. 1381. Biographical article.

	Consanguinity (in Canon Law) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04264a.htm The term here means, within certain limitations defined by the law of nature, the positive law of God, or the supreme authority of State or Church, the blood-relationship (cognatio naturalis), or the natural bond between persons descended from the same stock.
	Christian Archæology - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03705a.htm That branch of the science which is the study of ancient Christian monuments.
	Category - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03433a.htm The term was transferred by Aristotle from its forensic meaning (procedure in legal accusation) to its logical use as attribution of a subject.
	Casimir, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03402a.htm Prince of Poland, remained unmarried by choice, d. in 1484 at the age of 25.
	Canticle - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03301a.htm Used in the English Catholic translation of the Bible as the equivalent of the Vulgate canticum in most, but not all, of the uses of that word; for where canticum is used for a sacred song.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03345b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03345b.htm Name of a town in the Tribe of Juda.
	Caiaphas - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03143b.htm Jewish High Priest.
	Candlesticks - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03248a.htm Provides the history of their use in Christian churches.
	Carbonari - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03330c.htm The name of a secret political society, which played an important part, chiefly in France and Italy, during the first decades of the nineteenth century.
	Clement, John - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04039a.htm President of the College of Physicians and tutor to St. Thomas More's children, born in Yorkshire about 1500; died 1 July, 1572.

	Communion Antiphon - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04169b.htm The term Communion is used, not only for the reception of the Holy Eucharist, but also as a shortened form for the antiphon that was originally sung while the people were receiving the Blessed Sacrament.
	Christopher, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03728a.htm Article on this martyr, probably of the third century. Although Christopher has been a center of popular legend since the sixth century, all that can be known for certain is that he was a great martyr.
	Casuistry - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03415d.htm The application of general principles of morality to definite and concrete cases of human activity, for the purpose, primarily, of determining what one ought to do, or ought not to do, or what one may do or leave undone as one pleases; and for the purpose, secondarily, of deciding whether and to what extent guilt or immunity from guilt follows on an action already posited.
	Carthage - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03385a.htm Founded by Phoenician colonists, and long the great opponent of Rome in the duel for supremacy, was destroyed by a Roman army, 146 B.C. A little more than a century later (44 B.C.), a new city composed of Roman colonists was founded on the site.
	Cerinthus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03539a.htm A Gnostic-Ebionite heretic, contemporary with St. John; against whose errors on the divinity of Christ the Apostle is said to have written the Fourth Gospel.

	Civil Allegiance - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03794b.htm The duty of loyalty and obedience which a person owes to the State of which he is a citizen.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03519c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03519c.htm A vessel suspended by chains, and used for burning incense at solemn Mass, Vespers, Benediction, processions, and other important offices of the Church.
	Calatrava, Military Order of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03149d.htm Founded in Castile, in the twelfth century, as a military branch of the great Cistercian family.
	Calvert, Cecilius - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03193a.htm Second Lord Baltimore. (1606-1675)
	Cambridge, University of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03211a.htm Includes information on history, studies, and buildings.

	Credence - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04476a.htm A small table of wood, marble, or other suitable material placed within the sanctuary of a church and near the wall at the Epistle side, for the purpose of holding the cruets, acolytes' candles, and other utensils required for the celebration of the Holy Sacrifice.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04359b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04359b.htm Diocese in Spain, formerly suffragan of Toledo, since 1851 of Seville.
	Confessor - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04215a.htm A title of honour to designate of the Faith who had confessed Christ publicly in time of persecution and had been punished with imprisonment, torture, exile, or labour in the mines, remaining faithful in their confession until the end of their lives.
	Cruelty to Animals - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04542a.htm Includes sections on pagan, Old and New Testament, scholastic, and Catholic perspectives.
	Catherine de' Ricci, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03444a.htm Biography of the cloistered Third Order Dominican nun, mystic, who died in 1590.

	Cajetan, Tommaso de Vio Gaetani - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03145c.htm Domincan cardinal, philosopher, theologian, and exegete. (1469-1534)
	Cross-Bearer - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04539a.htm The cleric or minister who carries the processional cross, that is, a crucifix provided with a long staff or handle.
	Celebret - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03477a.htm A letter which a bishop gives to a priest, that he may obtain permission in another diocese to say Mass, and for this purpose bears testimony that he is free from canonical censures.
	Contrition - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04337a.htm Lat. contritio, a breaking of something hardened.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03244c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03244c.htm Ethiopian queen.

	Carlovingian Schools - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03349c.htm Established under the Merovingian Kings, a school, scola palatina, the chroniclers of the eighth century styled it for the training of the young Frankish nobles in the art of war and in the ceremonies of the court.
	Clavius, Christopher - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04009a.htm Mathematician and astronomer. (1538-1612)
	Cloyne, Diocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04072a.htm Comprises the northern half of County Cork.
	Common Life, Brethren of the - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04166b.htm A community founded by Geert De Groote, born at Deventer in Gelderland in 1340; died 1384.
	Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04084a.htm The last in the group of the four great uncial manuscripts of the Greek Bible, received its name from the treatises of St. Ephraem the Syrian (translated into Greek) which were written over the original text.

	Commandments of the Church - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04154a.htm Article includes: I. the nature of the Commandments of the Church in general; II. the history of the Commandments of the Church; and III. their classification.
	Circumcision, Feast of the - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03779a.htm As Christ wished to fulfil the law and to show His descent according to the flesh from Abraham. He, though not bound by the law, was circumcised on the eighth day (Luke, ii, 21), and received the sublime name expressive of His office, Jesus, i.e. Saviour.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03226a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03226a.htm A city of Galilee, Palestine.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03306c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03306c.htm King of the English, Danes, and Norwegians, b. about 994; d. at Shaftesbury, 12 November 1035.
	Celsus the Platonist - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03490a.htm An eclectic Platonist and polemical writer against Christianity, who flourished towards the end of the second century.

	Church Maintenance - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03761b.htm The proper support of church edifices and church institutions.
	Cleophas - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04048b.htm According to the Catholic English versions the name of two persons mentioned in the New Testament. In Greek, however, the names are different, one being Cleopas, abbreviated form of Cleopatros, and the other Clopas.
	Centurion - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03535a.htm A Roman officer commanding a century or company, the strength of which varied from fifty to one hundred men.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03473a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03473a.htm A coniferous tree frequently mentioned in the Bible.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03435a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03435a.htm From the Greek katharos, pure, literally "puritans", a name specifically applied to, or used by, several sects at various periods.

	Commodus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04166a.htm Roman Emperor, born 161; died at Rome, 31 December, 192.
	Contingent - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04331a.htm Aside from its secondary and more obvious meaning (as, for instance, its qualification of the predicable accident, of a class of modal propositions, and so on), the primary and technically philosophical use of the term is for one of the supreme divisions of being, that is, contingent being, as distinguished from necessary being.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03401a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03401a.htm A town in the County Tipperary, Ireland, which is also a Catholic archbishopric and the see of a Protestant bishop.
	Calmet, Dom Augustin - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03189a.htm Celebrated exegetist. (1672-1757)
	Cincinnati - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03773a.htm Archdiocese in the state of Ohio.

	Cathedra - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03437a.htm Three uses of the word are detailed.
	Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04379e.htm Explorer, b. at Salamanca, Spain, 1500; d. in Mexico, 1553.
	Colossæ - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04131a.htm A titular see of Phrygia in Asia Minor, suppressed in 1894.
	Carmel, Mount - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03352a.htm A well-known mountain ridge in Palestine, usually called in the Hebrew Bible Hakkarmel.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03144a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03144a.htm Third-century Christian author.

	Consubstantiation - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04322a.htm This heretical doctrine is an attempt to hold the Real Presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist without admitting Transubstantiation.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04488c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04488c.htm The crib or manger in which the Infant Saviour was laid after his birth is properly that place in the stable or khan where food for domestic animals is put, formed probably of the same material out of which the grotto itself is hewn.
	Conventuals, Order of Friars Minor - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04344a.htm One of the three separate bodies, forming with the Friars Minor and the Capuchins what is commonly called the First Order of St. Francis.
	Christian Doctrine, Confraternity of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03711b.htm An association established at Rome in 1562 for the purpose of giving religions instruction.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04577a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04577a.htm 1) An under-sacristan. (2) A superior or an official in the Franciscan order.

	California - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03170a.htm Includes history, population, education, resources, and religion.
	Cremation - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04481c.htm The custom of burning the bodies of the dead.
	Cainites - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03143a.htm A name used for (1) the descendants of Cain, (2) a sect of Gnostics and Antinomians.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03157a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03157a.htm Six people with this name are described.
	Concubinage - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04207a.htm The meaning of the term in Roman law, and consequently in early ecclesiastical records and writings, was much the same; a concubine was a quasi-wife, recognized by law if there was no legal wife.

	Congregationalism - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04239a.htm The successful establishment of the New England colonies was an event of the utmost importance in the development of Congregationalism, a term preferred by the American Puritans to Independency and gradually adopted by their coreligionists in Great Britain.
	Charles Martel - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03629a.htm French monarch, born about 688; died at Quierzy on the Oise, 21 October, 741.
	Concordances of the Bible - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04195a.htm Lists of Biblical words arranged alphabetically with indications to enable the inquirer to find the passages of the Bible where the words occur.
	Corporal - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04386c.htm A square white linen cloth, now usually somewhat smaller than the breadth of an altar, upon which the Sacred Host and chalice are placed during the celebration of Mass.
	Cleveland - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04055a.htm The Diocese, established 23 April, 1847, comprises all that part of Ohio lying north of the southern limits of the Counties of Columbiana, Stark, Wayne, Ashland, Richland, Crawford, Wyandot, Hancock, Allen, and Van Wert, its territory covering thirty-six counties.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04463a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04463a.htm A hood worn in many religious orders.
	Capharnaum - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03309a.htm A titular see of Palestine.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03142b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03142b.htm First-born of Adam and Eve.
	Colbert, Jean-Baptiste - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04096a.htm Marquis de Seignelay, statesman, b. at Rheims, France, 1619; d. at Paris, 1683.
	Communion of Children - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04170b.htm Article includes (1) the ancient practice, and (2) the present discipline of the Church in regard to the Communion of children.

	Cross and Crucifix in Archæology - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04517a.htm The sign of the cross, represented in its simplest form by a crossing of two lines at right angles, greatly antedates, in both the East and the West, the introduction of Christianity.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04573d.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04573d.htm In its popular acceptation cursing is often confounded, especially in the phrase "cursing and swearing", with the use of profane and insulting language; in canon law it sometimes signifies the ban of excommunication pronounced by the Church.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04125c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04125c.htm A celebrated family which played an important role in Italy during medieval and Renaissance times.
	Cincture - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03776a.htm More commonly called in England, the girdle is an article of liturgical attire which has been recognized as such since the ninth century.
	Calderon de la Barca, Pedro - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03156a.htm Spanish dramatist. (1600-1681)

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04589a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04589a.htm An island in the Eastern Mediterranean, at the entrance of the Gulf of Alexandretta.
	Ceylon (Sri Lanka) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03547c.htm An island to the south-east of India and separated from it only by a chain of reefs and sand-banks called Adam's Bridge.
	Champollion, Jean-François - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03568b.htm A biography of the French Orientalist renowned for deciphering hieroglyphics through the triple inscription on the Rosetta Stone.
	Crescentius - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04484c.htm The name of several leaders of the Roman aristocracy in the tenth century, during their opposition to the imperial government of the time.
	Codex Amiatinus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04081a.htm Manuscript of the Latin Vulgate Bible, kept at Florence in the Bibliotheca Laurentiana.

	Ciborium - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03767a.htm A chalice-like vessel used to contain the Blessed Sacrament.
	Contemplative Life - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04329a.htm A life ordered in view of contemplation; a way of living especially adapted to lead to and facilitate contemplation, while it excludes all other preoccupations and intents.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03546b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03546b.htm The ancient Cæsena is a city of Emilia, in the province of Forli (Italy), in the former States of the Church.
	Condillac, Ettiene Bonnot de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04210b.htm Article by G.M. Sauvage. Divides Condillac's career into an early Lockean phase and a later, more original phase.
	Clermont - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04053a.htm Comprises the entire department of Puy-de-Dôme and is a suffragan of Bourges.

	Convent Schools (Great Britain) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04342a.htm Convent education is treated here not historically but as it is at the present day. (Article written in 1908.)
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04566a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04566a.htm A bishopric in the north-eastern part of Prussia, founded in 1234, suffragan to Gnessen.
	Caen, University of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03132a.htm Founded in 1432 by Henry VI of England, who was then master of Paris and of a large part of France.
	Constitutions, Papal - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04321a.htm Ordinations issued by the Roman pontiffs and binding those for whom they are issued, whether they be for all the faithful or for special classes or individuals.
	Corvey, Abbey of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04402a.htm Benedictine monastery in the Diocese of Paderborn, in Westphalia, founded c. 820.

	Columba, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04136a.htm Also known as Columcille. Long article on the Irish-born monk, founder and abbot of Iona. He died in 597.
	Cyrenaic School of Philosophy - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04591a.htm Overview of this strain of classical thought, by William Turner.
	Coliseum, The - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04101b.htm Known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, commenced A.D. 72 by Vespasian, the first of the Flavian emperors, dedicated by Titus A.D. 80.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03545b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03545b.htm Suffragan of Ravenna.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04464c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04464c.htm The Prince-Bishopric that comprises the western portion of Galacia in Austria, and borders on the diocese of Kielce in Russian Poland, Breslau in Prussia, Tarnow in Galacia, and Zips in Hungary.

	Champlain, Samuel de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03567a.htm Founder of Quebec. (1570-1635)
	Carranza, Bartolomé - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03376a.htm Archbishop of Toledo; b. at Miranda de Arga, Spain, 1503; d. at Rome, 2 May, 1576.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03660a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03660a.htm A comparatively narrow strip of coast-land in South America between the Pacific Ocean on the west and the Andes Mountains on the east, including the watershed.
	Consalvi, Ercole - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04262a.htm Cardinal and statesman. (1757-1824)
	Clerke, Agnes Mary - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04051b.htm Astronomer, born at Skibbereen, County Cork, Ireland, 10 February, 1842; died in London, 20 January 1907.

	Consultors, Diocesan - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04323a.htm A certain number of priests in each diocese of the United States who act as official advisers of the bishop in certain matters pertaining to the administration of the diocese.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03649a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03649a.htm Located in England. Though the See of Chester, schismatically created by Henry VIII in 1541, was recognized by the Holy See only for the short space of Queen Mary's reign, the city had in earlier times possessed a bishop and a cathedral, though only intermittently.
	Cynic School of Philosophy - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04582a.htm Founded at Athens about 400 B.C., continued in existence until about 200 B.C. It sprang from the ethical doctrine of Socrates regarding the necessity of moderation and self-denial.
	Carvajal, Juan - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03393c.htm Cardinal; b. about 1400 at Truxillo in Estremadura, Spain; d. at Rome, 6 December, 1469.
	Caesarius of Heisterbach - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03137a.htm Cistercian monk. (1170-1240)

	Coustant, Pierre - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04454a.htm Benedictine of the Congregation of Saint-Maur, b. at Compiègne, France, 30 April, 1654; d. at the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, near Paris, 18 October, 1721.
	Choiseul, Etienne-François, Duc de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03694a.htm French statesman, b. 28 June, 1719; d. in Paris 8 May, 1785.
	Comacchio - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04151a.htm Diocese; suffragan of Ravenna.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04591b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04591b.htm A titular see of Northern Africa.
	Charleston - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03630a.htm The Diocese of Charleston (Carolopolitana) comprises the entire state of South Carolina, U.S.A.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03693a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03693a.htm Church architecture term. Strictly speaking, the choir is that part of the church where the stalls of the clergy are.
	Censures, Ecclesiastical - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03527a.htm Medicinal and spiritual punishments imposed by the Church on a baptized, delinquent, and contumacious person, by which he is deprived, either wholly of in part, of the use of certain spiritual goods, until he recover from his contumacy.
	Clémanges, Mathieu-Nicolas Poillevillain de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04011b.htm French Humanist and theologian, b. in Champagne about 1360; d. at Paris between 1434 and 1440.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03298a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03298a.htm A former castle of Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, in the foothills of the Apennines.
	Cornelius, Peter - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04376a.htm Fresco painter and illustrator. (1783-1867)

	Cagliari, Archdiocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03139c.htm Cagliari, called by the ancient Caralis, is the principal city and capital of the Island of Sardinia, and an important port on the Gulf of Cagliari.
	Crawford, Francis Marion - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16030a.htm Novelist. (1854-1909)
	Caliari, Paolo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03169b.htm Eminent painter of the Venetian school. (1528-1588)
	Caesarea - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03133b.htm A Latin titular see, and the seat of a residential Armenian bishopric, in Cappadocia.
	Civitavecchia and Corneto, Diocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03798b.htm An important and fortified Mediterranean seaport, in the province of Rome.

	Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Juan - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03329c.htm Spanish ecclesiastic and writer. (1606-1682)
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04362a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04362a.htm One of the Ionian Islands, at the entrance of the Adriatic, opposite the Albanian coast, from which it is separated by a narrow channel.
	Coptic Literature - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16027d.htm Details of the Morgan and the British Museum's collections.
	Celestines - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16020a.htm The name given to certain extreme "Spiritual" Franciscans of the Marches, because they were taken by Celestine V under his special protection.
	Challoner, Richard - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03564a.htm Bishop of Debra, Vicar Apostolic of the London District, author of spiritual and controversial works, b. 29 Sept., 1691; d. 12 Jan., 1781.

	Chrodegang, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03729b.htm Bishop of Metz, d. 766.
	Cornely, Karl Josef Rudolph - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04378a.htm German biblical scholar and Jesuit, b. 19 April, 1830, at Breyell in Germany; d. at Treves, 3 March, 1908.
	Colombo, Mateo Realdo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04125a.htm Italian anatomist and discoverer of the pulmonary circulation, b. at Cremona in 1516; d. at Rome, 1559.
	Cahors, Diocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03141a.htm Comprising the entire department of Lot, in France.
	Contumacy (in Canon Law) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04340a.htm Contumacy, or contempt of court, is an obstinate disobedience of the lawful orders of a court.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03743b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03743b.htm Comprises at present the Swiss Cantons of Graubünden (Grisons), Glarus, Zürich, Unterwalden, and Uri, as well as the little Principality of Lichtenstein.
	Campeggio, Lorenzo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03223a.htm Cardinal, an eminent canonist, ecclesiastical diplomat, and reformer.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04124a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04124a.htm The Archdiocese of Colombo, situated on the western seaboard of the Island of Ceylon, includes two of the nine provinces into which the island is divided, viz. the Western and the Northwestern.
	Clerks Regular - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04051d.htm Those bodies of men in the Church who by the very nature of their institute unite the perfection of the religious state to the priestly office, i.e. who while being essentially clerics, devoted to the exercise of the ministry in preaching, the administration of the sacraments, the education of youth, and other spiritual and corporal works of mercy, are at the same time religious in the strictest sense of the word, professing solemn vows, and living a community life according to a rule solemnly approved of by the sovereign pontiff.
	Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Lucca - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04052b.htm A congregation founded by St. Giovanni Leonardi.

	Cork, Diocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04370b.htm In Ireland, suffragan of Cashel.
	Charlemagne and Church Music - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03618a.htm Charlemagne's interest in church music and solicitude for its propagation and adequate performance throughout his empire, have never been equalled by any civil ruler either before or since his time.
	Commune, Martyrs of the Paris - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04168a.htm Article on the priests who were killed in Paris in May 1871.
	Cardinal Vicar - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03341b.htm The vicar-general of the pope, as Bishop of Rome, for the spiritual administration of the city, and its surrounding district, properly known as Vicarius Urbis.
	Commendatory Abbot - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04155b.htm An ecclesiastic, or sometimes a layman, who holds an abbey in commendam.

	Cullen, Paul - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04564a.htm Cardinal, Archbishop of Dublin, born at Prospect, Co. Kildare, Ireland, 29 April, 1803; died at Dublin, 24 October, 1878.
	Colorado - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04129a.htm The thirty-fifth, in point of admission, of the United States of America.
	Chartulary - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03637a.htm A medieval manuscript volume or roll (rotulus) containing transcriptions of original documents relating to the foundation, privileges, and legal rights of ecclesiastical establishments, municipal corporations, industrial associations, institutions of learning, and private families.
	Constantine (Cirta) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04295a.htm Comprises the present arrondissement of Constantine in Algeria.
	Caulet, François-Etienne - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03458b.htm A French bishop and Jansenist, b. at Toulouse, 1610; d. at Pamiers, 1680.

	Christian Instruction, Brothers of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03711c.htm A congregation founded in 1817 at Saint-Brieuc, Côtes-du-Nord, France, by Jean-Marie-Robert de la Mennais (b. 1780; d. 1860), for the instruction of youth.
	Covington - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04462b.htm Comprises that part of Kentucky, U. S. A., lying east of the Kentucky River, and of the western limits of Carroll, Owen, Franklin, Woodford, Jessamine, Garrard, Rockcastle, Laurel, and Whitley Counties.
	Cimabue, Cenni di Pepo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03771a.htm Florentine painter. (1240-1301)
	Caeremoniale Episcoporum - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03133a.htm A book containing the rites and ceremonies to be observed at Mass, Vespers, and other functions, by bishops and prelates of inferior rank, in metropolitan, cathedral, and collegiate churches.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03573c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03573c.htm The endowment of one or more priests to say or sing Mass for the soul of the endower, or for the souls of persons named by him, and also, in the greater number of cases, to perform certain other offices, such as those of choir member in a collegiate church or cathedral, or of curate in outlying districts, or of chaplain in hospitals and jails, or of schoolmaster or librarian.

	Conry, Florence - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04261c.htm Archbishop of Tuam, patriot, theologian and founder of the Irish (Franciscan) College of St. Anthony at Louvain, born in Galway, 1560; died at Madrid, 18 Nov., 1629.
	Carpaccio, Vittore - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03373c.htm Venetian painter whose real name was Scarpazza, b. at Venice about 1455; d. in the same city between 1523 and 1526.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04422c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04422c.htm A suffragan diocese of Reggio.
	Censures, Theological - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03532a.htm Doctrinal judgments by which the Church stigmatizes certain teachings detrimental to faith or morals.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04403a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04403a.htm An archdiocese immediately subject to the Holy See. A city in the province of Calabria, Southern Italy, at the confluence of the Crati and the Busento.

	Croyland, Abbey of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04541a.htm A monastery of the Benedictine Order in Lincolnshire.
	Camisards - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03218a.htm Eighteenth-century French sect.
	Columbus, Diocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04149a.htm This portion of the State belonged originally to the Diocese of Cincinnati, and was recommended to Rome for erection as a see by the Fathers of the Second Plenary Council, of Baltimore, held in 1866.
	Crusade, Bull of the - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04543b.htm A Bull granting indulgences to those who took part in the wars against the infidels.
	Crashaw, Richard - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04467a.htm Biographical article on the poet.

	Carvajal, Gaspar de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03393b.htm Dominican missionary, b. in Estremadura, Spain, c. 1500; d. at Lima, Peru, 1584.
	Castelli, Benedetto - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03408d.htm Mathematician and physicist; b. at Perugia, Italy, 1577; d. at Rome, 1644.
	Caesarea Palaestinae - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03134b.htm Titular see in Palestine.
	Crétineau-Joly, Jacques - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04488a.htm Journalist and historian; b. at Fontenay-le-Comte, Vendee, France, 23 Sept., 1803; d. at Vincennes near Paris, 1 Jan., 1875.
	Coutances - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04455b.htm The Diocese comprises the entire department of La Manche and is a suffragan of the Archbishopric of Rouen.

	Carcassonne - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03331b.htm Diocese comprising the entire department of Aude, and suffragan to Toulouse.
	Cenacle, Religious of the - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03518a.htm The Society of Our Lady of the Cenacle was founded in 1826, at La Louvesc in France, near the tomb of St. John Francis Regis.
	Cima da Conegliano, Giovanni Battista - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03772a.htm Venetian painter. (1459-1517)
	Canary Islands, The - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03243a.htm An archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean facing the western coast of Africa.
	Cochin, Diocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04076a.htm Erected and constituted a suffragan of the Diocese of Goa, of which it had previously formed a part, by the Bull "Pro excellenti praeeminentia" of Paul IV, 4 February, 1558.

	Coimbra, University of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04095c.htm University in Portugal.
	Crivelli, Carlo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04509a.htm Italian painter. Little is known of his life, and his b. and d. are usually reckoned by his earliest and latest signed pictures, 1468-93.
	Chapter House - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03584a.htm A building attached to a monastery or cathedral in which the meetings of the chapter are held.
	Convocation of the English Clergy - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04348a.htm The technical name given in the Church of England to what corresponds in some respects to a provincial synod, though in other respects it differs widely from it.
	Catanzaro - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03430a.htm Suffragan of Reggio.

	Cano, Melchior - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03251a.htm Article by John R. Volz on the character, teachings, and life of this Dominican bishop and theologian.
	Charles Joseph Eugene de Mazenod, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10094a.htm Short biography of the bishop of Marseilles and founder of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate.
	Cornelius Cornelii a Lapide - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04377a.htm Flemish Jesuit and exegete, b. at Bocholt, in Flemish Limburg, 18 December, 1567; d. at Rome, 12 March, 1637.
	Cyrus of Alexandria - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04597c.htm Melchite patriarch of that see in the seventh century, and one of the authors of Monothelism; d. about 641.
	Castellammare di Stabia - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03408a.htm The seat of the diocese is an industrial city, situated on the Bay of Naples, on a slope of Monte Gauro, and famous for its health-giving mineral springs.

	Concordia, Diocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04206a.htm Located in Italy, suffragan of Venice.
	Cedd, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03475a.htm Brother of St. Chad (Ceadda) and bishop of the East Saxons, d. 664.
	Caroline Books - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03371b.htm A work in four books (120 or 121 chapters), purporting to be the composition of Charlemagne, and written about 790-92.
	Cracow, The University of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04465a.htm The first documentary evidence regarding the scheme that King Casimir the Great conceived of establishing a university dates from 1362. Urban V favored the plan, and King Casimir issued the charter of the university, 12 May, 1364.
	Citation - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03791a.htm A legal act through which a person, by mandate of the judge, is called before the tribunal for trial.

	Castiglione, Baldassare - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03409c.htm Italian prose-writer, b. at Casatico, near Mantua, 6 December, 1478; died at Toledo, Spain, 7 February, 1529.
	Clavigero, Francisco Saverio - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04008c.htm Mexican Jesuit. (1731-1787)
	Campani, Giuseppe - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03222a.htm Italian optician and astronomer who lived in Rome during the latter half of the seventeenth century.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03519b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03519b.htm Situated in the province of Treviso, in former Venetian territory, on a declivity of the Rhaetian Alps.
	Contarini, Gasparo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04323c.htm Venetian statesman and cardinal, born 16 October, 1483, of an ancient and noble family in Venice; died at Bologna, 24 August, 1542.

	Christian Charity, Sisters of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03711a.htm Also called Daughters of the Immaculate Conception, an institute for teaching poor schools and for the care of the blind, founded at Paderborn, Germany, on August, 1849, by Pauline von Mallinckrodt (b. 3 June, 1817, at Minden, Westphalia; d. 30 April, 1881), sister to the famous Hermann von Mallinckrodt.
	Cahill, Daniel William - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03140c.htm Lecturer and controversialist. (1796-1864)
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03429a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03429a.htm A seaport and capital of the province of the same name in Sicily, situated on the eastern side of Mount Etna.
	Caesarius of Nazianzus, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03138a.htm Physician, brother of St. Gregory of Nazianzus (the Theologian). Caesarius died in late 368 or early 369.
	Cartagena - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03384a.htm The city of the same name, residence of the archbishop, is situated on an island to the north of Tierra Bomba, Colombia.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04058c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04058c.htm Diocese of England, consisting of Gloucestershire, Somersetshire, and Wiltshire.
	Caswall, Edward - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03417a.htm Oratorian and poet, b. 15 July 1814, at Yately, Hampshire, of which place his father, the Rev. R. C. Caswall, was vicar; d. at the Oratory, Birmingham, 2 January, 1878.
	Chichele, Henry - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03656a.htm Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, England, 1362; d. at Oxford, 12 April, 1441.
	Clovesho, Councils of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04068a.htm Notable as the place at which were held several councils of the Anglo-Saxon Church.
	Corporation - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04387a.htm An association recognized by civil law and regarded in all ordinary transactions as an individual. An artificial person.

	Coleridge, Henry James - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04097c.htm Writer and preacher. (1822-1893)
	Colet, John - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04098a.htm Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral and founder of St. Paul's School, London; b. in London, 1467; d. there 18 Sept., 1519.
	Cross, Daughters of the - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16030b.htm Belgian religious congregation.
	Colgan, John - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04099c.htm Hagiographer and historian, b. in County Donegal, Ireland, about the beginning of the seventeenth century; d. probably in 1657.
	Cardinal Protector - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03341a.htm Since the thirteenth century it has been customary at Rome to confide to some particular cardinal a special solicitude in the Roman Curia for the interests of a given religious order or institute, confraternity, church, college, city, or nation.

	Chrysopolis - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03743a.htm A titular see of Roman Arabia.
	Chiabrera, Gabriello - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03652a.htm Italian poet. (1552-1638)
	Courtenay, William - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04446a.htm Archbishop of Canterbury, born in the parish of St. Martin's, Exeter, England, c. 1342; died at Maidstone, 31 July, 1396.
	Corrigan, Michael - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04395a.htm Third Archbishop of New York, b. 13 August, 1839, at Newark, New Jersey, d. at New York, 5 May, 1900.
	Condamine, Charles-Marie de la - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04210a.htm Explorer and physicist, b. at Paris, 28 January, 1701; d. there 4 February, 1774.

	Comgall, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04152c.htm Founder and abbot of the monastery of Bangor, d. 597 or 602.
	Chartier, Alain - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03634b.htm French poet. (1390-1440)
	Conceptionists - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04190c.htm A branch of the Order of Saint Clare, founded by Beatriz de Silva.
	Corbinian - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04356a.htm Bishop of Freising, in Bavaria, born about 680 at Chatres near Melun, France; died 8 September, 730.
	Casale Monferatto - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03396a.htm A suffragan of Vercelli. Casale Monferrato.

	Clonfert - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04064b.htm The Diocese, a suffragan see of the metropolitan province of Tuam, was founded in 557 by St. Brendan the Navigator.
	Clichtove, Josse - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04058a.htm Theologian. (1472-1543)
	Catalonia - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03428a.htm A principality within the Spanish Monarchy.
	Cosmas Indicopleustes - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04404a.htm A Greek traveller and geographer of the first half of the sixth century.
	Chalcedon - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03554a.htm A titular see of Asia Minor. The city was founded 676 B. C. by the Megarians on the Bithynian coast, opposite the place where a little later Byzantium rose.

	Cassander, George - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03403a.htm Flemish Humanist and theologian. (1513-1566)
	Chrysogonus, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03742b.htm Martyr at Aquileia, probably during the Diocletian persecution.
	Clonard, School of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04064a.htm Situated on the river Boyne. Founded by St. Finnian, an abbot and great wonder-worker.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04059c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04059c.htm A suffragan of Armagh, Ireland, which comprises the County Monaghan, almost the whole of Fermanagh, the southern portion of Tyrone, and parts of Donegal, Louth, and Cavan.
	Castello, Giovanni Battista - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03409b.htm Italian painter, sculptor, and architect; b. at Gandino, in the Valle Seriana, in the territory of Bergamo, in 1509 (some writers state 1500 or 1506); d. at Madrid in 1579.

	Collections - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04104b.htm Article discussing the development which took the form of a contribution in money, corresponding particularly to what is conveyed by the French word quête.
	Carissimi, Giacomo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03348b.htm Detailing his work in and composition for the Roman Catholic Church.
	Cesarini, Giuliano - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03546a.htm Born at Rome, 1398; died at Varna, in Bulgaria 10 November, 1444.
	Clonmacnoise, Abbey and School of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04065a.htm Situated on the Shannon, about half way between Athlone and Banagher, King's County, Ireland.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04514d.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04514d.htm There are several Irish saints of this name. Brief biographies of some of them.

	Cano, Alonso - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03250d.htm Spanish painter, architect, and sculptor. (1601-1667)
	Crispin of Viterbo, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04491b.htm Capuchin lay brother, d. 1750.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03244d.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03244d.htm The residence of the Greek Metropolitan of Crete, who has seven suffragan sees, Khania, Kisamos, Rethymnon (Retimo), Sitia, Lampa, Arkadia, and Chersonesos.
	Caballero, Fernán de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03125a.htm Nom de plume of Cecilia Böhl von Faber, a noted Spanish novelist. (1796-1877)
	Capecelatro, Alfonso - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16017a.htm Archbishop of Capua. (1824-1912)

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04598a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04598a.htm A titular see of Asia Minor, metropolitan of the ancient ecclesiastical province of Hellespontus.
	Campbell, James - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16016d.htm American public official. (1812-1893)
	Cistercians in the British Isles - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16025b.htm St. Stephen Harding, third Abbot of Cîteaux (1109-33), was an Englishman and his influence in the early organization of the Cistercian Order had been very great. It was natural therefore that, when, after the coming of St. Bernard and his companions in 1113, foundations began to multiply, the project of sending a colony of monks to England should find favourable consideration.
	Creswell, Joseph - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04487a.htm Controversialist, b. 1577 of Yorkshire stock in London; d. about 1623.
	Caughnawaga - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03458a.htm Also known as Sault St. Louis. An Iroquois reservation, situated on the south bank of the St. Lawrence, about ten miles above Montreal.

	Chronicon Paschale - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03730b.htm The name ordinarily given to a valuable Byzantine chronicle of the world written in the seventh century, so designated because, like many other chronicles of the Middle Ages, it follows a system of Christian chronology based on the paschal canon, or cycle.
	Chauncy, Maurice - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03645b.htm Prior of the English Carthusians at Bruges. (d. 1581)
	Cesalpino, Andrea - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03545c.htm Article by Joseph Rompel dwells upon Cesalpino's botanical accomplishments as well as his philosophical positions.
	Colin, Jean-Claude-Marie - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04101a.htm French priest, founder of the Marists. (1790-1875)
	Colle de Val d'Elsa - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04107a.htm Diocese in Italy.

	Congregatio de Auxiliis - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04238a.htm A commission established by Pope Clement VIII to settle the theological controversy regarding grace which arose between the Dominicans and the Jesuits towards the close of the sixteenth century.
	Court (in Scripture) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04445a.htm The word court, in the English Bible, corresponds to the Hebrew haçer enclosed space. Also, in the English Bible the word court is occasionally used to mean the retinue of a person of high rank and authority.
	Caesar of Speyer - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03139a.htm Friar Minor and leader of the Cæsarines. (d. 1239)
	Cahier, Charles - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03140b.htm French antiquarian. (1807-1882)
	Concursus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04208b.htm A special competitive examination prescribed in canon law for all aspirants to certain ecclesiastical offices to which is attached the cure of souls.

	Ceolfrid, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03536a.htm Anglo-Saxon Benedictine, abbot of Wearmouth and Jarrow, d. 716.
	Cherubini, Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03648a.htm Article with biographical details emphasizing religious music and his time away from its composition.
	Credi, Lorenzo di - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04476b.htm Florentine painter, b. at Florence, 1459; d. there, 1537.
	Corbie, Monastery of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04355d.htm A Benedictine abbey in Picardy, in the Diocese of Amiens, dedicated to Sts. Peter and Paul.
	Cornet, Nicolas - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04379a.htm French theologian, born at Amiens, 1572; died at Paris, 1663.

	Cyprian and Justina, Saints - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04583a.htm Christians of Antioch martyred at Nicomedia, 26 September, 304. Already in the same century, quite a colorful legend arose about them.
	Cedron, Brook of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03475c.htm The name designates in Holy Writ the ravine on the east of Jerusalem, between the Holy City and the Mount of Olives.
	Cantate Sunday - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03299a.htm A name given to the fourth Sunday after Easter.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03434a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03434a.htm Collections of excerpts from the writings of Biblical commentators, especially the Fathers and early ecclesiastical writers, strung together like the links of a chain, and in this way exhibiting a continuous and connected interpretation of a given text of Scripture.
	Cobo, Bernabé - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04074b.htm Spanish Jesuit missionary. (1582-1657)

	Ceslaus, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03547a.htm Polish Dominican, d. about 1242.
	Connolly, John - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04257a.htm Second Bishop of New York, U.S.A., b. at Slane, Co. Meath, Ireland, 1750; d. New York, 6 February, 1825.
	Costa, Lorenzo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04417b.htm Ferrarese painter, b. at Ferrara in 1460; d. at Mantua in 1535.
	Compensation - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04185a.htm Denotes the price paid for human exertion or labour.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03148c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03148c.htm Titular see in Africa.

	Centuriators of Magdeburg - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03534b.htm A group of Lutheran scholars who had gathered at Magdeburg, and who are now known to history as the "Centuriators of Magdeburg" because of the way in which they divided their work (century by century) and the place in which the first five volumes were written.
	Crotus, Johann - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04539c.htm German Humanist, b. at Dornheim, in Thuringia, c. 1480; d. probably at Halle, c. 1539.
	Curaçao - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04569e.htm Vicariate apostolic; includes the islands of the Dutch West Indies: Curaçao, Bonaire, and Aruba; Saba, St. Eustatius, and the Dutch part of St. Martin (Leeward Islands).
	Catherine, Monastery of Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03442b.htm Situated on Mount Sinai, in a gorge below the Jebel-Musa, the reputed Mountain of the Law.
	Cogitosus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04094a.htm Sixth-century Irish monk and author.

	Ciampini, Giovanni Giustino - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03766b.htm Ecclesiastical archæologist. (1633-1698)
	Costa Rica - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04417d.htm A narrow isthmus between Panama in the east and the Republic of Nicaragua in the north, the Caribbean Sea on the north-east and the Pacific Ocean on the south-west.
	Cressy, Hugh Paulinus Serenus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04486b.htm Doctor of Theology and English Benedictine monk, b. at Thorpe-Salvin, Yorkshire, about 1605; d. at East Grinstead, Sussex, 10 August, 1674.
	Clare of Rimini, Blessed - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04007a.htm Widow, penitent, Poor Clare, superior of the convent at Rimini, contemplative, d. 1346.
	Charles Garnier, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06388b.htm Short biography of the Jesuit missionary and martyr.

	Cancer de Barbastro, Luis - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03244b.htm Dominican missionary to the New World. (d. 1549)
	Carnoy, Jean-Baptiste - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03370b.htm Belgian biologist. (1836-1899)
	Cursores Apostolici - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04574a.htm The Latin title of the ecclesiastical heralds or pursuivants pertaining to the papal court.
	Cynewulf - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04581d.htm That certain Anglo-Saxon poems still extant were written by one Cynewulf is beyond dispute, for the author has signed his name in them by spelling it out in runic letters which may be so read as to make sense in the context of the poem. It is, however, quite uncertain who this Cynewulf was.
	Conimbricenses - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04252a.htm The name by which Jesuits of the University of Coimbra in Portugal were known.

	Casot, Jean-Jacques - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03402c.htm The last surviving Jesuit of the old Canada mission, born in Liège, Belgium, 4 October, 1728; died at Quebec, 16 March, 1800.
	Czech Literature - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04598b.htm The evolution of Czech literature dates back to 863, when Moravia and Bohemia, through the efforts of Sts. Cyril and Methodius, the apostles of these two countries, were converted to Christianity and thus became participants in the great work of civilization.
	Ceadda, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03470c.htm Commonly known as St. Chad. Seventh-century bishop of Lichfield.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04354b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04354b.htm A titular see of Upper Egypt.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04361b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04361b.htm Vicariate apostolic, coextensive with the Empire of Corea; it was created a distinct vicariate Apostolic, 9 September, 1831.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03533a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03533a.htm A canonical term variously defined by different writers.
	Caprara, Giovanni Battista - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03313a.htm Statesman and cardinal, born at Bologna, 29 May, 1733; died at Paris, 27 July, 1810.
	Commissary Apostolic - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04164b.htm One who has received power from a Legitimate superior authority to pass judgment in a certain cause or to take information concerning it.
	Clement Mary Hofbauer, Blessed - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04044a.htm Second founder of the Redemptorists, called "the Apostle of Vienna," d. 1821.
	Ciudad Rodrigo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03793e.htm Suffragan of the Diocese of Santiago; comprises the greater part of the province of Salamanca, and a portion of the province of Cáceres.

	Cresconius - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04486a.htm A Latin canonist of uncertain date and place, flourished probably in the latter half of the seventh century, though it may have been at the end of the sixth or even in the eighth century.
	Cosa, Juan de la - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04402d.htm Navigator and cartographer, according to tradition b. in 1460 at Sta. Maria del Puerto (Santona), on the Bay of Biscay, Spain, d. on the coast of the Gulf of Uraba, 28 February, 1510.
	Clemens non Papa - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04012b.htm Composer. (d. 1558)
	Cheverus, Jean-Louis Lefebvre de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03650a.htm First Bishop of Boston, U.S.A., Bishop of Montauban; Archbishop of Bordeaux, France, and Cardinal, b. at Mayenne, France, 28 January, 1768; d. at Bordeaux 19 July, 1836.
	Cabassut - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03126a.htm French theologian and priest. (1604-1685)

	Congregational Singing - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04241a.htm In his Instruction on sacred music, commonly referred to as the Motu Proprio (22 Nov., 1903), Pius X says (no. 3): "Special efforts are to be made to restore the use of Gregorian chant by the people, so that the faithful may again take a more active part in ecclesiastical offices, as was the case in ancient times".
	Coeur d'Alêne Indians - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04093a.htm A small tribe of Salishan stock formerly ranging along the lake and river of the same name in northern Idaho.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03765a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03765a.htm The Arachite, i.e. the native of Archi, a place south of the portion of Ephraim, near Bethel.
	Caussin, Nicolas - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03467a.htm French Jesuit preacher and moralist. (1583-1651)
	Core, Dathan, and Abiron - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04361a.htm Leaders of a revolt against Moses and Aaron (Num., xvi).

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04251a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04251a.htm A canonical term to designate the lowest sum proper for the yearly income of a cleric.
	Coleman, Edward - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04097b.htm Controversialist, politician, and secretary of the Duchess of York. (d. 1678)
	Castoria - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03414b.htm A titular see of Macedonia.
	Christian Knowledge, Society for Promoting - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03720a.htm A society within the Church of England.
	Cornillon, Abbey of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04379c.htm Founded by Albero, Bishop of Liége, in 1124, three years after St. Norbert had formed the Premonstratensian Order.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04575a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04575a.htm A titular see of Africa Proconsularis.
	Conwell, Henry - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04349a.htm Second Bishop of Philadelphia, U.S.A., b. at Moneymore, County Derry, Ireland, in 1745; d. at Philadelphia, 22 April, 1842.
	Cambiaso, Luca - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03209b.htm Genoese painter, b. at Moneglia near Genoa, in 1527; d. in the Escorial, Madrid, 1585.
	Carthage, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03384c.htm Also known as Mochuda. Irish monk, priest, hermit, founder. He composed a monastic rule in Irish verse. Died in 637.
	Catholic University of Ireland - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15199b.htm The project was launched at the Synod of Thurles in 1850.

	Cochin, Pierre-Suzanne-Augustin - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04078b.htm Author of religious, pedagogical, and sociological works. (1823-1872)
	Capreolus, John - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03314a.htm A theologian, born towards the end of the fourteenth century, (about 1380), in the diocese of Rodez, France; died in that city 6 April, 1444.
	Campo Santo de' Tedeschi - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03224d.htm A cemetery, church, and hospice for Germans on the south side of St. Peter's, Rome.
	Crèvecoeur, Hector St. John de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04488b.htm French agriculturist, b. at Caen, France, 1731; d. at Sarcelles, near Paris, 1813.
	Colomba of Rieti, Blessed - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04121a.htm Third Order Dominican, intensely devoted to the Eucharist, d. 1501.

	Croce, Giovanni - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04513a.htm Composer, b. at Chioggia near Venice in 1557; d. 15 May, 1609.
	Coffin, Robert Aston - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04093c.htm Ecclesiastical writer and bishop. (1819-1885)
	Christine of Stommeln, Blessed - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03724a.htm A visionary at a very early age, became a Beguine, d. 1312.
	Conrad of Marburg - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04259b.htm Confessor of Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia and papal inquisitor, b. at or near Marburg, Germany, in the second half of the twelfth century; d. 30 July, 1233.
	Constantinople, Council of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04312a.htm Particular council held in A.D. 754.

	Concina, Daniello - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04191a.htm Dominican preacher. (1687-1756)
	Crescens - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04484b.htm A companion of St. Paul during his second Roman captivity, appears but once in the New Testament, when he is mentioned as having left the Apostle to go into Galatia.
	Croagh Patrick - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04509b.htm A mountain looking out on the Atlantic ocean from the southern shore of Clew Bay, in the County Mayo, and called "the Sinai of Ireland."
	Chiavari - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03652c.htm Suffragan of Genoa. A city of the province of Genoa in Northern Italy, situated on a little bay of the Gulf of Genoa.
	Cosway, Maria - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04421a.htm Miniature-painter, born in Florence, Italy, 1759; died at Lodi, 5 January, 1535.

	Christian Retreat, Congregation of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03721a.htm There are two branches of this congregation, the Fathers of Christian Retreat and the Sisters. It was founded on the 19th of November, 1789, at Fontenelle, Doubs, France, by Father Antoine-Silvestre Receveur, who was declared Venerable in 1883 by Pope Leo XIII.
	Constantine Africanus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04295b.htm A medieval medical writer and teacher; born c. 1015; died c. 1087.
	Conversi - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04346b.htm Lay brothers in a religious order. The term was originally applied to those who, in adult life, voluntarily renounced the world and entered a religious order to do penance and to lead a life of greater perfection.
	Chrismal, Chrismatory - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03697a.htm Formerly used to designate the sheath, or cloth-covering (theca) in which relics were wrapped up.
	Celestine Order - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16019a.htm Also called the Hermits of St. Damian or Hermits of Murrone.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03130a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03130a.htm The name, according to the Vulgate and the Septuagent, of three, or probably four cities mentioned in Scripture.
	Collectivism - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04106a.htm The term is sometimes employed as a substitute for socialism.
	Cunegundes, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04569a.htm A niece of St. Elizabeth of Hungary. Cunegundes married Boleslaus, Duke of Cracow, later King of Poland. Once widowed, she became a Poor Clare. She died in 1292.
	Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03410a.htm Painter and etcher, b. at Genoa, Italy, 1616; d. at Mantua, 1670.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03297b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03297b.htm A titular see of Egypt.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04562a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04562a.htm Diocese in Ecuador.
	Curityba do Parana - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04572b.htm Diocese, suffragan of São Sebastião (Rio de Janeiro), Brazil.
	Cochlaeus, Johann - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04079a.htm Humanist and Catholic controversialist, b. 1479; d. 11 Jan., 1552, in Breslau.
	Calvert, Leonard - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03194b.htm Governor of Maryland. (1607-1647)
	Claudiopolis - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04008a.htm Titular see in Asia Minor.

	Colman Mac Lenine, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04115b.htm Founder and patron saint of the Diocese of Cloyne, poet, d. 601.
	Cap Haïtien - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03308c.htm Erected by Pius IX, 3 October, 1861, in the ecclesiastical Province of Port au Prince.
	Cleef, Martin van - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04011a.htm Flemish painter. (1520-1570)
	Callot, Jacques - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03188a.htm French etcher, engraver, and painter. (1592-1635)
	Charity, Sisters of, of the Blessed Virgin Mary - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03609a.htm A congregation begun by five young women in Dublin, Ireland, 8 December, 1831, with the purpose of devoting themselves to the service of God in the education of children.

	Charlottetown - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03632a.htm Diocese includes all Prince Edward Island (formerly called St. John's Island), the smallest province of the dominion of Canada.
	Carheil, Etienne de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03347a.htm French missionary among the Indians of Canada, born at Carentoir, France, November 1633; died at Quebec, 27 July, 1726.
	Crutched Friars - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04557a.htm An order of mendicant friars who went to England in the thirteenth century from Italy.
	Cyrus and John, Saints - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04597b.htm Companions in life and in martyrdom. Beheaded in the Diocletian persecution.
	Calas Case, The - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03149a.htm Jean Calas was a French Calvinist, born 19 March, 1698, at La Caparède near Castres, in the department of Tarn; executed 10 March, 1762, at Toulouse.

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04597a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04597a.htm A titular see of Syria.
	Cavazzi, Giovanni Antonio - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03468c.htm Of Montecucolo, a Capuchin friar of the province of Bologna, date of birth uncertain; died at Genoa, 1692.
	Capaccio and Vallo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03307b.htm Suffragan diocese of Salerno.
	Coussemaker, Charles-Edmond-Henride - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04453b.htm French historian of music, b. at Bailleul, department of Nord, France, 19 April, 1805; d. at Lille, 10 January, 1876.
	Caraites - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03329b.htm A Jewish sect professing to follow the text of the Bible (Miqra) to the exclusion of Rabbinical traditions, and hence opposed to the Talmud.

	Choiseul du Plessis-Praslin, Gilbert - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03695a.htm French bishop, b. 1613; d. at Paris, 31 December, 1689.
	Christopher Wharton, Blessed - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15607c.htm Biography of the English priest and martyr, who died in 1600.
	Caballero y Ocio, Juan - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03125c.htm Priest, remarkable for lavish gifts to the Church and for charity. (1644-1707)
	Casson, François Dollier de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03407a.htm Fourth superior of Saint-Sulpice, Montreal, Canada, b. near Nantes, France, 1636; d. in 1701.
	Croke, Thomas William - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04514b.htm Archbishop of Cashel, Ireland, b. near Mallow, Co. Cork, 24 May, 1824; d. at Thurles, 22 July, 1902.

	Crispin and Crispinian, Saints - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04491a.htm Martyrs of the Diocletian persecution, d. 285 or 286.
	Cochem, Martin of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04075c.htm German theologian, preacher and ascetic writer, born at Cochem, a small town on the Moselle, in 1630; died in the convent at Waghäusel, 10 September, 1712.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04007c.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04007c.htm A Christian woman of Rome, whose greeting to Timothy St. Paul conveys with those of Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, "and all the brethren".
	Coimbatore, Diocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04095a.htm Includes the Collectorate of Coimbatore (except the Taluk of the Collegal), the Nilgiris with the south-eastern Wynaad, the Taluks of Palgat, Collancodoo, Tamalpuram, and part of Wallavanad, the Chittur Taluks, and the Nelliampathy Hills in the Cochin territory.
	Colin, Frédéric-Louis - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04100b.htm Superior of the Sulpicians in Canada, b. at Bourges, France, in 1835; d. at Montreal, 27 November, 1902.

	Cyril of Constantinople, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04595a.htm Father General of the Carmelites, had a reputation for prophecy, d. about 1235.
	Charity, Sisters of, of Jesus and Mary - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03609c.htm A congregation founded in 1803 by Canon Triest, who was known as "the St. Vincent de Paul of Belgium", because he was the founder as well of the Brothers of St. John of God, and the Sisters of the Infant Jesus.
	Cohen, Hermann - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04094c.htm A Discalced Carmelite (Augustin-Marie of the Blessed Sacrament, generally known as Father Hermann), born at Hamburg, Germany, 10 November, 1820; died at Spandau, 20 January, 1871.
	Corcoran, Michael - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04356c.htm Soldier, b. at Carrowkeel, County Sligo, Ireland, 21 September, 1827; d. at Fairfax Court House, Virginia, U.S.A., 22 December, 1863.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04581b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04581b.htm A titular see of Crete.

	Cortese, Giovanni Andrea - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04400a.htm Cardinal and monastic reformer, b. 1483 at Modena; d. 21 Sept., 1548.
	Cibot, Pierre-Martial - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03767b.htm Missionary, born at Limoges, France, 14 August, 1727; died at Peking, China, 8 August, 1780.
	Changanacherry - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03573a.htm Vicariate Apostolic in Travancore, India.
	Congruism - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04251b.htm The term by which theologians denote a theory according to which the efficacy of efficacious grace is due, at least in part, to the fact that the grace is given in circumstances favourable to its operation, i. e. "congruous" in that sense.
	Contzen, Adam - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04340b.htm Jesuit economist and exegete. (1573-1635)

	Cuthbert Mayne, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10087a.htm Englishman, Protestant minister, converted to Catholicism, died a martyr in 1577. Biographical article.
	Conrad of Offida, Blessed - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04260a.htm Italian Franciscan, trusted by Brother Leo, on good terms with the Spiritual Franciscans, founded the Celestines but returned to the main branch of the Franciscans when a later pope suppressed the Celestines. Bl. Conrad died 12 December, 1306.
	Charity, Congregation of the Brothers of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03604a.htm Founded in Belgium, the rule and constitutions were approved and confirmed by Pope Leo XIII, 4 July, 1899.
	Charity, Sisters of, of St. Elizabeth - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03608a.htm A community founded at Newark, in 1859, by Mother Mary Xavier Mehegan, who for twelve years previously had been a member of the Sisters of Charity, of St. Vincent de Paul in New York.
	Caraffa, Vincent - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03329a.htm Seventh General of the Society of Jesus. (1585-1649)

	Comellas y Cluet, Antonio - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16027b.htm Philosopher. (1832-1884)
	Cosmati Mosaic - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04405b.htm A peculiar style of inlaid ornamental mosaic introduced into the decorative art of Europe during the twelfth century.
	Circesium - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03776d.htm A titular see of Osrhoene.
	Chrysanthus and Daria, Saints - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03742a.htm Martyrs at Rome, perhaps in 283 or 284.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04490a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04490a.htm A Græco-Slavonic Rite diocese in Croatia.

	Conrad of Saxony - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04260c.htm Friar Minor and ascetical writer, date and place of birth uncertain; d. at Bologna in 1279.
	Cole, Henry - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04097a.htm English confessor. (1500-1579)
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03474a.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03474a.htm The name of the second son of Ismael (Gen., xxv, 13; I Par., i, 29); also of an Arabian tribe descended from him, and of the territory occupied by it.
	Christopher Bales, Blessed - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02222a.htm English priest, who was tortured and martyred less than three years after ordination. Also mentions fellow martyrs Nicholas Horner and Alexander Blake.
	Castro Palao, Fernando - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03415b.htm Spanish theologian. (1581-1633)

	Corcoran, James Andrew - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04356b.htm Theologian, editor, and Orientalist, b. at Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A., 30 March, 1820; d. at Philadelphia, 16 July, 1889.
	Crescimbeni, Giovanni Mario - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04485a.htm Italian historian of literature, chronicler, and poet, b. in Macerata, 9 Oct., 1663; d. 8 March 1728.
	Cavo, Andres - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03468e.htm A writer frequently quoted on Spanish-Mexican history; b. at Guadalajara in Mexico, 21 January, 1729, he entered the Society of Jesus, 14 January, 1758, and went to Italy with the other members of the order after their expulsion from Mexico in 1767.
	Ceolwulf - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03537a.htm King of Northumbria and monk of Lindisfarne, date and place of birth not known; died at Lindisfarne, 764.
	Children of Mary of the Sacred Heart, The - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03659e.htm A Sodality of the Blessed Virgin, founded by Mother Barat of the Society of the Sacred Heart, in the Parish school about 1818, almost simultaneously with the convent itself.

	Covenanters - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04457b.htm The name given to the subscribers (practically the whole Scottish nation) of the two Covenants, the National Covenant of 1638 and the Solemn League and Covenant of 1643.
	Caldara, Polidoro (da Caravaggio) - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03155a.htm Italian painter. (1492-1543)
	Christian - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03704a.htm First Bishop of Prussia, d. 1245.
	Clynn, John - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04074a.htm Irish Franciscan and annalist, b. about 1300; d., probably, in 1349.
	Cuthbert - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04579a.htm Abbot of Wearmouth; a pupil of the Venerable Bede (d. 735).

	Chaptal, Jean-Antoine - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03582a.htm Comte de Chanteloup, technical chemist and statesman; b. Nogaret, Lozère, France, 4 June, 1756; d. Paris, 30 July, 1832.
	Caldani, Leopoldo Marco Antonio - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16016a.htm Italian anatomist and physiologist. (1725-1813)
	Chapelle, Placide-Louis - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03579a.htm Archbishop of New Orleans, U.S.A., b. at Runes Lozère, France, 28 August, 1842; d. at New Orleans, 9 August, 1905.
	Chadwick, James - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03551c.htm Irish bishop. (1813-1882)
	Coracesium - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04355a.htm A titular see of Asia Minor.

	Charron, Pierre - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03633b.htm Article by Charles B. Schrantz notes this French thinker's impact and the regrettable superficiality of his thought.
	Colonna, Giovanni Paolo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04128a.htm Noted church composer of the seventeenth century.
	Casali, Giovanni Battista - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03396b.htm Musician, b. at Rome in 1715; d. there 1792. From 1759 until his death he held the position of choir-master in the church of St. John Lateran.
	Campaña, Pedro - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03221a.htm Flemish painter, known in France as Pierre de Champagne, and in Brussels as Pieter de Kempeneer (his actual name), or, as translated in Flemish, Van de Velde, b. at Brussels in 1503; d. there in 1580.
	Claudianus Mamertus - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04007d.htm Gallo-Roman theologian and the brother of St. Mamertus, Bishop of Vienne, d. about 473.

	Cemeteries in Law - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03508a.htm Includes information concerning the laws in the United States and Canada.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04513b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04513b.htm A titular see of Albania.
	Cordara, Guilo Cesare - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04358a.htm Italian Jesuit historian. (1704-1785)
	Christopher Robinson, Blessed - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13099b.htm Wrote an account of the martyrdom of St. John Boste. Was himself martyred for being a priest, in 1598.
	Caylus, Comte de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03470a.htm French archaeologist, b. at Paris, in 1692; d. in 1765.

	Catholic Benevolent Legion - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03452a.htm A fraternal assessment life-insurance society organized in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A., 5 September, 1881.
	Calatayud, Pedro de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03149c.htm Jesuit missionary. (1689-1773)
	Coustou, Nicholas - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04455a.htm French sculptor, b. at Lyons, 9 January, 1658; d. at Paris, 1 May, 1733.
	Capranica, Domenico - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03312b.htm Cardinal, theologian, canonist, and statesman, b. at Capranica near Palestrina, Italy, in 1400; d. at Rome, 14 July, 1458.
	César de Bus, Blessed - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03086a.htm Priest, founder of two religious congregations dedicated to teaching Christian doctrine, died 1607.

	Chanca, Diego Alvarez - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03572a.htm A physician-in-ordinary to Ferdinand and Isabella of Castile and Aragon; dates of birth and death uncertain.
	Crispina, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04490b.htm African matron, martyred in Numidia in 304.
	Carvajal, Bernardino Lopez de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03393a.htm Cardinal, b. 1455, at Plasencia in Estremadura, Spain; d. at Rome 16 Dec., 1523.
	Chromatius, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03730a.htm Bishop of Aquileia, anti-Arian theologian, tried to reconcile Rufinus and Jerome, d. 406 or 407.
	Clavius, Claudius - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04009b.htm Danish cartographer. (b. 1388)

	Columba of Terryglass, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04135a.htm A disciple of St. Finnian of Clonard, and himself taught St. Fintan. This St. Columba founded the monastery of Tirdaglas, and died of the plague in 552.
	Casanata, Girolamo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03396d.htm Cardinal, b. at Naples, 13 July, 1620; d. at Rome, 3 March, 1700.
	Conrad of Piacenza, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04260b.htm Married man, penitent, Third Order Franciscan hermit, d. 1351.
	Catholic Missionary Union - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03453c.htm The corporate name of a society whose directors are chosen from among the bishops of the United States, the seminaries, the parishes and the missionary organizations of that country, its purpose being to engage priests and lay-men as missionaries to non-Catholics in the United States, to provide for their maintenance, to distribute Catholic literature, and in every way to assist the bishops in establishing and carrying on home missions in their various jurisdictions.
	Calepino, Ambrogio - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03169a.htm Italian lexicographer. (1440-1510)

	Creighton University - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04480a.htm An institution located at Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A., and conducted by the Jesuit Fathers.
	Corrigan, Sir Dominic - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04396a.htm Physician, b. 1802, in Dublin, Ireland; d. there, 1880; distinguished for his original observations in heart disease, a special type of pulse being named after him.
	Casey, John - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03400a.htm Mathematician, b. at Kilkenny, Ireland, 12 May, 1820; d. at Dublin, 3 Jan, 1891.
	Carvajal, Luisa de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03394b.htm Born 2 Jan., 1568, at Jaraizejo, Spain; died 2 Jan., 1614, at London, a lady of high birth, who received from God what appears to have been a special vocation to go to England and minister to those who were suffering for the Faith.
	Conan, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04189c.htm Also known as Mochonna. Irish missionary and Bishop of the Isle of Man, d. 684.

	Colman, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04115g.htm Irishman martyred while on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, near Vienna in 1012.
	Charity, Sisters of, of Providence - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03609b.htm More accurately, Daughters of Charity, Servants of the Poor, founded in Montreal, Canada, by Bishop Bourget and Madame Jean Baptiste Gamelin (Marie Emélie Eugénie Tavernier), 25 March, 1843.
	Cursor Mundi - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04574b.htm A Middle-English poem of nearly 30,000 lines containing a sort of summary of universal history.
	Capgrave, John - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03308b.htm Augustinian friar, historian, and theologian, b. at Lynn in Norfolk, 21 April, 1393.
	Colman, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04115c.htm Monk of Iona, bishop of Lindisfarne, later founded the Abbey and Diocese of Mayo, d. 676.

	Colman, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04115a.htm Abbot, d. about 595. This St. Colman was a contemporary of St. Aidan, and is sometimes confused with a later saint of the same name, Colman of Kilmacduagh.
	Charitable Bequests, Civil Law Concerning - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03591a.htm A charity, in the legal sense of the term, may be defined as a gift to be applied consistently with existing laws, for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons, either by bringing their minds or hearts under the influence of education or religion, by relieving their bodies from disease, suffering, or constraint, by assisting them to establish themselves in life, or by erecting and maintaining public buildings or works or otherwise lessening the burdens of the government.
	Charity, Sisters of, of Our Lady Mother of Mercy - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03610b.htm A congregation founded in Holland in 1832 by the Rev. John Zwijsen, pastor of Tilburg, aided by Mary M. Leijsen, for the instruction of children and the betterment of a people deprived of spiritual aid by the disastrous effects of the Reformation.
	Corneille, Michel, the Younger - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04373d.htm French painter, etcher and engraver, b. in Paris in 1642; d. at the Gobelins manufactory at Paris, 16 August, 1708.
	Colman, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04114b.htm Hermit, monastic founder, bishop of Kilmacduagh, d. 632.

	Canute IV, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03307a.htm King of Denmark, martyr, d. 1086.
	Conal, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04189b.htm Or Conall. Bishop of Drum, County Roscommon--now called Drumconnell, after the saint. Blood brother of St. Attracta. St. Conal died in about 500.
	Clement of Ireland, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04047a.htm Also known as Clemens Scotus. Famed scholar and teacher of youth, died no earlier than 818.
	Ceremonial - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03538a.htm The book which contains in detail the order of religious ceremony and solemn worship prescribed to be observed in ecclesiastical functions.
	Colman, Saint Elo - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04115e.htm Nephew of St. Columba. This St. Colman was the first abbot of Muckamore. He died at Lynally (Lann Elo) in 611.

	Columba of Sens, Saint - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04135b.htm Woman martyred towards the end of the third century.
	Calancha, Fray Antonio de la - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03148d.htm Augustinian monk. (1584-1654)
	Carey, Mathew - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03346a.htm Author and publisher, b. in Dublin, Ireland, 28 January, 1760; d. in Philadelphia, U.S.A., 15 September, 1839.
	Covarruvias, Diego - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04457a.htm Born in Toledo, Spain, 25 July, 1512; died in Madrid, 27 Sept., 1577.
	Commendone, Giovanni Francesco - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04156a.htm Cardinal and Papal Nuncio, born at Venice, 17 March, 1523; died at Padua, 26 Dec., 1584.

	Cadillac, Antoine de Lamothe, Sieur de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03131a.htm Founder of Detroit. (1657-1730)
	Clémencet, Charles - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04011c.htm Benedictine historian, b. at Painblanc, in the department of Côte-d'Or, France, 1703; d. at Paris, 5 August, 1778.
	Craigie, Pearl Mary Teresa - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04466a.htm English novelist, dramatist, and convert; b. 3 November, 1867; d. 13 August, 1906.
	Corneille, Michel, the Elder - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04374a.htm French painter, etcher, and engraver, b. in Orléans about 1601; d. at Paris, 1664.
	Chapeauville, Jean - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03574a.htm Belgian theologian and historian, b. at Liège, 5 January, 1551; d. there 11 May 1617.

	Chieregati, Francesco - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03658b.htm Papal nuncio, b. at Vicenza, 1479; d. at Bologna, 6 December, 1539.
	Commissariat of the Holy Land - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04164a.htm In the Order of Friars Minor the territory or district assigned to a commissary, whose duty it is to collect alms for the maintenance of the Holy Places in Palestine committed to the care of the Friars Minor; also, in a more restricted sense, the convent where the aforesaid commissary resides.
	Commines, Philippe de - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04163a.htm French historian and statesman, b. in Flanders probably before 1447; d. at the Château d'Argenton, France, about 1511.
	Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04184a.htm Seventeenth-century secret society.
	Cartier, Georges-Etienne - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03392a.htm French Canadian statesman, son of Jacques Cartier and Marguerite Paradis, b. at St. Antoine, on the Richelieu, 16 Sept., 1814; d. in London 20 May, 1873.

	Cuspinian, Johannes - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04575d.htm Distinguished humanist and statesman, born at Schweinfurt, Lower Franconia, in 1473; died at Vienna, 19 April, 1529.
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03456b.htm - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03456b.htm Suffragan of Zara.
	Concordia, Diocese of - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04206b.htm Erected 2 August, 1887, and is situated in the northwestern part of Kansas, U.S.A.
	Cord, Confraternities of the - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04357a.htm Pious associations of the faithful, the members of which wear a cord or cincture in honour of a saint, to keep in mind some special grace or favour which they hope to obtain through his intercession.
	Carrera, Rafael - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03378a.htm In 1847 Carrera was, by a kind of election, made President of Guatemala, and seven years later he became dictator, that is, president for life with the right to designate his successor.